724 PROFESSOR SIR W. TURNER ON 



Nepal Table II. 



More than thirty years ago the late Sir John Brown, of the Indian Medical Service, 

 presented to the Anatomical Museum of the University, a skull without the lower jaw, 

 which he had found in the valley of Nepal. He believed it to be that of a Gurung 

 or Magar, and it is marked, apparently in his own handwriting, Parbuttia, which signifies 

 hillman. Surgeon-Lieut.-Colonel Reid states* that the Gurungs and Magars occupy 

 the country to the west of the Nepal valley. They are, he says, short and powerful 

 men of Mongolian cast of features, with broad flat faces and oblique eyes. They form 

 the Gurkha regiments in the British army in India. 



The skull is obviously that of a man not thirty years of age, for the upper wisdom 

 teeth were not erupted. The sutures were unossified and comparatively simple. The 

 squamous-temporals were small, but the ali-sphenoids were wide, and each had a broad 

 articulation with the parietal at the pterion. The mastoids and the temporal and 

 occipital ridges were feeble, and there were no unusual ossifications. 



In the norma verticalis the breadth of the cranium approximated to the length. 

 The parieto-occipital region was almost vertical, flattened and unsymmetrical, the 

 flattened surface being directed to the right. Sir John Brown ascribed the shape of 

 the skull behind to the mother, as she carried her infant, having kept this aspect of the 

 head pressed against some part of her person. The vertex was not ridge-like, the 

 parietal and frontal eminences were distinct, the parieto-squamous region bulged 

 laterally. The length-breadth index was 90*5, and the skull was hyper-brachycephalic. 

 The height was materially less than the breadth, notwithstanding that the basi-bregmatic 

 diameter was as high as 144 mm. The skull was cryptozygous. 



In the norma lateralis the glabella and supra-orbital ridges were seen to be feeble, 

 the forehead was lofty and not very receding. The frontal longitudinal arc was much 

 the longest and the occipital the shortest. The bridge of the nose was almost straight, 

 sharp, and moderately projecting, and there was scarcely any fronto-nasal depression. 

 The nasal spine of the superior maxillae was distinct, and a sharp ridge separated the 

 floor of the nose from the incisive region. The nasal index was markedly leptorhine. 

 The interzygomatic diameter was 141 mm., so that the face was unusually wide. The 

 orbital index was strongly megaseme. The upper jaw was not prognathic. The palate 

 was not highly arched, and as its breadth materially exceeded the length it was highly 

 brachyuranic. The internal capacity was 1655 c.c. and the skull was megacephalic. 

 In its brachycephalic form and proportions, in the breadth being less than the 

 height, the flattened nasal region, the broad face, the slight forward projection of the 

 upper jaw, megaseme orbit, and brachyuranic palate, the cranium exhibited well defined 

 Mongolian characters. 



Sir R. Owen has given the measurement of a skull of an adult male Gurung t in 



* Chin-Lushai Land, p. 72. 1893, 

 t Owen, Rep. Brit. Assoc, 1859, p. 100. 



