CEANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 725 



the British Museum, the length of which was 7 inches and the breadth 5 in. 8 lines : 

 the length-breadth index may be regarded as 81*4. Other crania from Nepal 

 had different proportions. From the measurements which he has recorded of two 

 Magar skulls it is probable that in this race the crania are dolichocephalic. A skull 

 from Nepal, figured by MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy, # plate lxii., is elongated 

 in form, and with a length-breadth index 75*5. Dr Barnard Davis catalogues, 

 Thesaurus Craniorum, p. 158, seven crania from Nepal, which he names Khas. 

 The length-breadth index varied in them from 73 to 78, and gave a mean 75*7. 

 The skulls were either dolichocephalic or mesaticephalic. In the anthropological 

 tables compiled by Mr H. H. EiSLEYt the mean cephalic index in 28 living Gurungs 

 is stated to be 81 "6, and the nasal index in the same persons was 78 "5. The heads 

 were brachycephalic, and the nose was mesorhine. The average stature was 5 ft. 2f- in. 

 (159'8 mm.). It would appear, therefore, that the people of Nepal are not a homo- 

 geneous race. A strong Mongolian element, however, exists in that country, as is 

 shown both in the skulls and heads of the Gurungs which have been measured. 



Burma. 



The inhabitants of Burma consist in the main of the people termed Burmese, but 

 intermingled with them are representatives, sometimes in considerable numbers, of 

 other tribes and races. The Burmese proper are in all probability of the same stock 



I as the Himalaya-Tibetan people, offshoots of which race migrated, it is believed, in a 

 south-easterly direction until they reached Burma. How far the country was populated 

 by aborigines, prior to and at the time of the invasion, it is impossible to say. It is, 

 however, thought that the district forming the delta of the Irrawaddy was occupied 

 by a people named Mons or Takings, whose descendants remain more or less commingled 

 with the Tibeto-Burmese stock. The Burmese proper, according to the census return 



1 for 1891, were 9,000,000, whilst the Takings were not quite 1,000,000 in number.J 

 Partly on the confines of and partly within the Burmese territory are other races, 

 which in their respective districts modify the population. To the east are the Shan 

 states ; to the northward are Manipur and the Nagd hills ; to the north-west the Lushai- 

 Chin hill ranges, the people of which were described in an earlier chapter of this memoir ; 

 and to the east of Lower Burma are the Karens, who constitute an important element 

 in the population. 



The Shans, according to the census returns for 1891, were about 180,000 in number 

 in Upper Burma, and about 108,000 in Lower Burma. The Chins, under which term 

 the census report includes apparently also the Kukis (Lushais) and Nagas, were 206,000. 



* Crania Ethnica, p. 416. 



t Tribes and Castes of Bengal, Calcutta, vol. i. pp. 232 and 220. 1891. 



+ The above figures are compiled from the Census of 1891, Report on Burma, prepared by Mr H. L. Eales, the 

 Provincial Superintendent, Rangoon, 1892. 



