728 PROFESSOR SIR W. TURNER ON 



except a lanky moustache. They are muscular, active, and under the average height of 

 Europeans. The religion is Buddhist. From personal observations on infants and 

 young children, Dr Bannerman has seen no evidence of modification from artificial 

 pressure of the skull. 



Another skull from Upper Burma, obtained at Mahlaing, Meiktila district, and said 

 to be that of a Dacoit, was presented by Dr Geoffrey H. Prance. 



In the summer of 1895 I received from my friend and former assistant, Surgeon- 

 Major G. J. H. Bell, a box containing the crania of sixteen men who had died in the 

 central jail, of which he is the superintendent, at Insein, in Lower Burma. In 1897 

 the same gentleman forwarded to me a series of twenty skulls from this prison. The 

 skulls were accompanied by explanatory lists, from which it appeared that thirty-two 

 w T ere Burmese, one was a Karen, one a Shan, and one a Mohammedan from Ralum, 

 Akyab. Another, a Hindoo from the Coromandel coast, is not included in the follow- 

 ing description. The name, jail number, sex, age, height, birthplace, crime for which 

 imprisoned, and cause of death were given in the lists. To each specimen was appended 

 a metal plate stamped with the jail number, the period of imprisonment, etc., which, I 

 understand, it is customary for each criminal to wear suspended with a string around 

 the neck. All the Burmese names have the prefix Nga,* a term employed by a superior 

 when addressing one of much inferior social status. In more than one instance the 

 cranial and dental characters did not correspond with the age of the person having the 

 jail number specified in the lists, so that either the criminal had mis-stated his age, or 

 the attendant employed to clean the specimens had not been sufficiently careful to 

 attach the proper metal plate to the skull. 



Early in 1896 I received from Surgeon-Captain J. M. Crawford the skull of Nga 

 Pota, set. 32, a Burmese prisoner who had died in 1895 of phthisis in the jail at 

 Benares when under Dr Crawford's charge. 



In March 1897 Miss Violet G. S. Adams presented to the Museum two skulls 

 which had been dug up in an old cemetery in Upper Burma. They had the appear- 

 ance of buried bones which had lost much of their organic matter. One, an adult, had 

 female characters ; the other was a male somewhat advanced in life. 



In the collection of the Henderson Trust, now in the University Museum, is a skull, 

 No. 158, presented in 1827 by Mr George Lyon, who procured it from Ava proper in 

 Upper Burma. A second specimen, No. 159 in the same collection, is also said to be 

 from Burma, but the precise locality is not stated. 



Through the courtesy of Professor D. J. Cunningham I have been able to examine 

 the skull in the museum under his charge of a Shan, Nga To, from the Insein jail. 



In the following description I have arranged and compared with each other in 

 Part I. thirty-seven skulls which were marked Burmese by the collectors, t The 



* In the Abor Miri group of the Tibeto- Assam languages, Nga is the personal pronoun (see Report on Census of 

 Assam, 1891, p. 183). 



t Shan Gyi and San Min from the Insein jail were both catalogued as Burmese ; their measurements are given ID 

 Table VI. 



