730 PROFESSOR SIR W. TURNER ON 



as to be scarcely noticeable ; but in none was the projection very strong. In one from 

 the Insein jail an old depressed fracture was seen in the left frontal region just above 

 the orbit ; in two others from the same prison the frontal bone had been broken, and in 

 a fourth the frontal and parietals had been extensively fractured during life. As a rule 

 the forehead receded no more than one is accustomed to see in well-formed male skulls. 

 The cranial vault was usually fairly well arched, and the parieto-occipital region showed 

 the characters already described. In thirteen specimens the skulls rested behind on the 

 tips of the mastoids, in the remainder on the cerebellar part of the occiput. In all the 

 crania, with three exceptions, the occipital longitudinal arc was the shortest, and in 

 most instances it was considerably below either the frontal or parietal. In twelve 

 crania the parietal arc exceeded the frontal, and in three they were equal. The osseous 

 bridge of the nose was often elongated, moderately projecting at its tip, and its outline 

 was slightly concave. In the specimens with the projecting glabella the fronto-nasal 

 suture was somewhat depressed, but the face did not show a marked flattening in the 

 nasal region. The nasal spine of the superior maxillse was, as a rule, only moderate, 

 but in some skulls it was more strongly marked. A distinct ridge of demarcation 

 separated the incisive region from the floor of the nose. In many of the crania the 

 incisive region of the upper jaw was almost vertical, in others it projected slightly 

 forward ; it was exceptional to see a marked amount of alveolar prognathism. In some 

 specimens the incisive and canine fossae were deep. The orbits showed much variation 

 in the relations of height and width. 



In many of the crania the crowns of the teeth were flattened and much stained with 

 betel-chewing. The palate was moderately arched ; the mastoid processes, temporal and 

 occipital ridges were not strong, as a rule, but in only a few specimens was the inion 

 projecting. In a few of the crania the sutures were in process of obliteration, two 

 skulls were metopic, the lambdoidal suture was usually free from Wormian bones, and 

 in only two specimens were they numerous. The parieto-sphenoid articulation in the 

 pterion was, as a rule, broad. Three skulls had an epipteric bone on one side, in one 

 on both sides, and in. two crania the squamous temporal articulated with the frontal on 

 one side. No skull had an exostosis in the auditory meatus, but the left tympanic 

 plate in one was much thickened at its free outer edge. In two skulls the external 

 pterygoid plate was broadened backwards, but did not quite reach the spine of the 

 sphenoid, so that the osseous boundary of a pterygo-spinous foramen was not 

 completed. No skull had a third condyle, and in none was a para-mastoid process 

 present, although in a few specimens the jugal process was tuberculated ; an infra- 

 orbital suture was occasionally seen. Variations from the normal ossification in this 

 series of crania were therefore not common. As a rule the sutures of the cranial vault 

 were simple in their denticulations. 



The examination of the series of thirty-seven male skulls, and the study of their 

 absolute and relative dimensions in certain diameters, as expressed in the tables of 

 measurement, have given the following results. 



