734 . PROFESSOR SIR W. TURNER ON 



In the glabello-occipital length the crania ranged from a maximum 186 mm. to a 

 minimum 158 mm., and the mean of the series was 172"8 mm. In their parieto- 

 squamous breadth the maximum was 153 mm., the minimum 132 mm., and the mean 

 1417 mm. The mean length-breadth (cephalic) index was 82'1, which placed the series 

 well into the brachycephalic group. In only two crania was this index below 75, and 

 of the ten specimens which were mesaticephalic eight were above 77 '5, i.e., nearer to 

 the brachycephalic than to the dolichocephalic standard. On the other hand eight 

 specimens had a cephalic index of 85 or upwards, and two of these were above 90, so 

 that a sensible proportion were hyper-brachycephalic. Both as regards the numerical 

 index and the configuration of the cranium generally, there can be no doubt that the 

 customary form of the Burmese skull is brachycephalic. The few exceptional specimens 

 which had an elongated shape and an index either dolichocephalic or approximating 

 thereto, are probably to be regarded as affiliated to the people with dolichocephalic 

 skulls described in the earlier paragraphs in Part II. 



In the basi-bregmatic height the crania ranged from a maximum of 145 mm. to a 

 minimum of 127 mm., and the mean was 135*1 mm. The mean length-height (vertical) 

 index was 78*2, which placed the series in the group of skulls termed akrocephalic or 

 hypsicephalic, i.e., with a high vertical index. But notwithstanding this relatively high 

 index, in only three specimens did the vertical index slightly exceed the cepholic, and 

 in two others they were equal. That the breadth of the skull is greater than the height 

 is therefore a character which prevails in the Burmese skull. 



The mean Stephanie diameter, 109 "2 mm., slightly exceeded the mean asterionic 

 diameter, 106*8 mm., and the mean minimum frontal diameter was 93*1 mm. The 

 bizygomatic diameter with a mean of 133*7 mm. ranged from 125 to 144 mm., and in 

 each skull it invariably exceeded the intermalar. 



The measurements made for the purpose of determining the length and breadth of 

 the face gave the following results : — In thirty -five skulls the lower jaw was present, 

 and the complete nasio-mental diameter, which ranged from 103 to 130 mm., had a 

 mean length of 115*7 mm. ; in its relation to the bizygomatic diameter the resulting index 

 was in the mean 86*3, which places the crania in the chamseprosopic or low-faced group 

 of Kollmann. In only six specimens did the index exceed 90, so as to bring these 

 crania into the leptoprosopic division. In these skulls the upper facial index gave a 

 different result, for although it had a range from 47 to 57, the mean was 52, which 

 places the face generally in the leptoprosopic or high upper face group, and no fewer 

 than twenty-six of these crania came into this category. The vertical diameter 

 of the lower jaw in the mental region does not therefore contribute proportionally 

 to the length of the face in the s,ame measure as the vertical diameter of the superior 

 maxilla. 



In eighteen skulls the basi-nasal diameter was greater than the basi-alveolar, in 

 thirteen it was slightly less, in one materially less, and in two they were equal. The 

 mean gnathic index, calculated on the relations of these two diameters, was 98*9, which 



