CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OP INDIA. 739 



region was generally flattened. In neither specimen was the nose platyrhine. In 

 Nanda the nasal spine of the superior maxillse was strong, the incisive fossa was deep 

 and was separated from the floor of the nose by a ridge. In Nanda the index of the 

 entire face was leptoprosopic ; in To it was chamasprosopic, and a similar proportion was 

 seen in the upper facial index ; but both specimens had great interzygomatic diameter. 

 In both crania the orbital index was mesoseme. As regards the cubic capacity of the 

 crania, Nanda was so much injured that the cubage of the skull could not be taken, but 

 the capacity of To was 1510 c.c. # 



From the relations of length to breadth in the two Shan crania there can be little 

 doubt that these people are in the main brachycephalic, as might have been expected 

 from their Siamese and Chinese affinities. 



For purposes of comparison I may refer to four adult male skulls in the Anatomical 

 Museum of the University, which belong to the collection formed by Dr R. Broom. 

 They are from Bangkok ; three are undoubted Siamese, whilst the one lettered A in 

 Table VII. is said to be probably a cross between a Malay and a Siamese, t Their 

 measurements are given in the Table. 



All the crania were brachycephalic, both in their general form and numerical propor- 

 tion ; and in three the flattened parieto-occipital region showed evidence of artificial 

 pressure applied during infancy. In each specimen the height was not equal to the 

 breadth. In three specimens the frontal longitudinal arc was longer than either the 

 parietal or occipital. The glabella and supra-orbital ridges were not prominent, and the 

 forehead only slightly receded. The nasal bones had so small a degree of projection 

 that the face was flattened in that region, and the nasal index was mesorhine. The 

 nasal spine of the superior maxillse was well marked, and the incisive region of the 

 upper jaw was differentiated from the floor of the nose by a ridge. In one specimen the 

 jaw was orthognathic ; the others showed to the eye a degree of alveolar prognathism 

 greater than was indicated by the gnathic index. Although in one specimen the 

 complete facial index was 92*8, in the others the face was low, chamaeprosopic, a con- 

 dition which was obviously due to the breadth between the zygomata. The orbital 

 index was variable, and in only two crania the orbits could be regarded as round or 

 megaseme. The palato-alveolar region was either mesuranic or brachyuranic. The 

 mean cubic capacity of the four skulls was 1332 c.c. The teeth were stained with 

 betel-chewing. In two specimens an epipteric bone was present, in one there were two 

 small Wormian bones. One had flat occipital condyles, which were not associated with 

 a third condyle. The palate was highly arched, and the lower jaw was well developed. 



In the Barnard Davis Collection, now in the Museum of the Royal College of 



* From the name, Shan Gyi, of one of the men from the jail at Insein (Table VI.), it is possible that he may have 

 been a Shan. It is to be observed that his skull was also brachycephalic. Another skull, that of San Min (Table VI.), 

 described as from the Southern Shan States, was distinctly dolichocephalic, index 74, so that it differed from both the 

 Burmese and Shan type of cranium, and probably belonged to a foreign race. 



t A fifth adult specimen is in the collection, but as it has been deformed, apparently from hydrocephalus, the 

 measurements have not been given. Its internal capacity was 1930 c.c. 



