Book I. 2{ 3\j 1 1 HO L q Y. 7 



c proceffes of the brain being brought into the Sinus or Cavities of* the fbrefaid 

 c bone, end in bladders Full of a limpid water, which do plainly referable the Mam- . 

 c miliary proceffes in a Calf, replete with the like fair water. Moreover, feeing that 

 c from the fifth pair of Nerves a remarkable branch in each fide palling through the 

 ' orbit of the eye, enters the Cavern of the Nofthril,a branch lent forth from its trunk U 

 ' beftowed upon the very Orifice of s the Nofthrilj in the mean time both the greater 

 ' trunks being compa fled about by the Cribrole bone, meet together, and by and by 

 c again feparating or receding from each other, and being brought to the end of the 

 ' Bill are diftributed through the palate. After this manner Birds as well as men and 

 6 Quadrupeds are furnifhed with a peculiar Organ of fmelling, viz,, a double mam- 

 ' miliary procefs, and have moreover within their Nofthrils acceffary Nerves from 

 c the fifth pair 5 by whole action, and the communication of their branches toother 

 'parts, there is even in them contracted fonear an affinity between the lenfes of 

 c fmelling and tafting. The other pairs of Nerves agree moft-what with thofe of man 

 c and Quadrupeds., We have likewife obferved, that as to the little Brain [ Cerebel- 

 c lum ~] and the remaining portion of the prolonged Pith, there is no great difference 



* between Birds and thole other Animals we have before considered : Save that the 



* Orbicular Prominencies before the Cerebellum , and thofe other annulary ones under it 5 

 4 which occur in thofe, are both wanting in Birds. Indeed, thefe latter feem not at 

 ' all needful, and as for the former, thofe medullary hollow prominencies, which we 

 ' have (hewn to be-in Birds, fupply their rooms, and make amends for their ab- 

 c fence. 



Thus far D. Willis : All which things we have by experience found to be juft Co 

 as he hath delivered 3 though perchance the Reader that is not well skilled in Anato- 

 my may experience fome difficulty in understanding them, efpecially noubeing illuftra- . 

 ted by figures, to affift his fancy. 



The Lungs in all birds that we have differed, and without doubt in all others what- The Lungs, 

 ever, ftick fo fall: to the fides, ribs, and back, that they can be but very little dilated 

 or contracted. Moreover ( which yet fiath. * Dr. Harvey, I do not remember to have been * ubdt <Se- 

 hitherto obfervedby any man ) the ends of the branches of the wind-pipe are in them per- mraUAmmaU 

 forated into the cavity of the belly, and do convey the air drawn in by breathing into -phe perfora- 

 certain membranes Jiretched out along the length thereof. So that in Birds the Lungs feem tionofthe 

 rather to be a w4y orpaffage to refyiration, than the adequate organ thereof. But thofe mem- Lungs# 

 brams ndw mentioned (atleafl with the ajjijlance of the Mufcles of the belly ) Jerve for 

 rejpiration, and perform the office of the Midriff. This perforation of the Lungs is not 

 obfeure or hardly difcernable, but jo open and confpicuous, that in thofe of an Oftrich / 

 have found many holes, that would eajily admit the tips of my fingers. In a Turkey, and 

 even the common Dunghil-cock, and' almofi all Birds, thr lifting a Probe into the wind- 

 pipe, you may find open pajfages out of the Lungs into the hollow of the belly. Air blown into 

 their Lungs by bellows pajjes forcibly into the lower belly. Now Birds have either no 

 Midriff, or at lead: not fuch a mufculous one as men and Quadrupeds 5 the fore- 

 mentioned membranes, fupplying (as we faid ) the defect, and performing the office 

 of a Midriff. 



No Birds have moreftomachs than one, unlefs you will take the Craw for a ftomach: TheCraw* 

 which for the moji part hangs without the trunks of the body, at the lower part of th,e neck. an US U C ' 

 before the breaft, by the bone called the Merry -thought. The ufe thereof feems to be to 

 moiften and lo to mqllifie, macerate, and prepare the meat for the from a ch. Hence 

 fome Birds ( faith*!). Harvey) do caft up the meat fo macerated into the mouths of their * De Gmrat. 

 young, and feed them therewith, ( after the fame manner as Quadrupeds nourifh theirs 'i**?* ' 

 with mil^,) as. may be fien in the Pigeon-kind, and in Rooks. Perchance alfo becaufe 

 theftomach,infuch birds as have a mufculous one,isnot of capacity enough to receive 

 and contain fo much food as may fuffice for the ufes of the body 5 either in Winter- 

 nights or long fafting, which for want of food by various accidents Birds are not rare- 

 ly neceffitated to undergo, the Craw is given them by nature for a Satchel wherein to 

 ftore up plenty of food, when it is afforded, which afterwards it may little by little 

 deliver over to £he ftomach. * m 



A Gizzard or ftomach furnifhed with thick and ftrong mufcles is proper to Birds, The Stomrch 

 but not common to all forts of them, for Rapacious and fome pifcivorous Birds have gizzard, 

 a membranous one. The ufe of the Gizzard feems to be for the grinding of hard 

 meat, for example, Wheat, Barley, Peafe, and other forts of Corn and Pulfe, which 

 birds (wallow whole } and fo in granivorous birds to fupply the defect- of teeth. 

 Which that it may the more effectually perform, thefe birds do now and then fwallow 



fmall 



