z 



6 % o^nciTHOLogr. Book i. 



c the cortical pari is exteriour and uppermoft, and the medullary fpread under it; fo 

 1 in Birds the lowerpart, confifting of a thicker and more bulky body, anfwers to 

 'or isinfteadof the bark 5 the external and tuperiour Membrane covering the Ven- 

 c tricle being above any part the moft pith-like. Furthermore, the Ventricles in the 

 c Brains of Men and Quadrupeds are fituate beneath, near the bafe or. bottom of the 

 c Brain 5 in- Birds uppermoft, and near the outride. The reafbn of this difference 

 c feemsto be, becaufe in a more perfecVBrain, filch as are thole of Men and Qua- 

 c drupeds, the Animal Spirits have both their original-and exercife therein 5 w'^.they 

 c are generated in the cortical part, and in the Medidlarv^ fpread copioufly under the 

 'cortical) circulated and^arioully expanded for the actions of the feveral faculties. 

 c But in the Brain o£ Birds there is indeed fpace fufficient for the generation of Spirits, 

 c but fcarce any room afforded for their circulation. For the Brains of Birds feem not 

 c to be much employed in the functions of Fancy or Memory. Yea, moreover it is to 

 'bethought, that the Spirits produced in the Brain are exercifed for performing the 

 •> c animal function chiefly in thermal phh produced, £ medulla oblongata ] for there ( as 



* corpm calk- ' we (hall fliew anon ) the Medullary fubftance, which is in ftead of the* Callous body, 

 fw. . , <■ i s placed : A nd to the t ftriate bodies in others, anfwer the Jiriate Membranes in thefe; 

 jiriau™ - hy which the Spirits procreated in the Brain^ without any marfhalling or ordering 



c there^are forthwith carried into the prolonged pith. But becaufe the Spirits genera- 

 c ted in the Brain muft fomewhere depofe their ferous Excrements, therefore from 

 c the complicature of thejiriate Membranes over the hind-part of the Brain and the 

 c legs of the prolonged pith, do refiilt Ventricles lit enough for that purpoie. How- 



* The ranted c beit in the brains of Birds, the * Fornix being wholly wanting, there are only the 



c two anteriou ^Ventricles 5 within which the Plexus- Choroides is fpread out i the 

 ' Venofe portion whereof (as was juft now faid ) hath its rife a little lower from the 

 c fourth Sinus, but the Arteries come from both fides the prolonged pith. 



c Neither doth the Heterogeneity, or conformation dirterent from that in Men 

 c and Quadrupeds, appear more in the Brain of Birds than in the Spinal pith produced : 

 or B d?j£ 8 ' *° r m t3ie *" '^ * Se & ion thereof , whence the Optic Nerves arife, two eminent pro- 

 ' tuberances or bunches grow to each fide. Thefe are in proportion much greater 

 c than the Orbicular Prominencies in more perfect Brains, fo that they feem to be a 

 c fecundary or fubordinate Brain : Both are of a whitifh colour, and purely Medulla- 

 c ry, with an internal' Cavity : So that in this fort of Animals are found two Ven- 

 c tricles in the Brain, and as many in the prolonged pith. And whereas M'thefe, as in all 

 c other Animals,there is alfo a Cavity under the Cerebellum, the Ventricles in th^ whole 

 . * Brain differ as well in Number as in Figure and Pofition. 



♦ The body of c In the middle of the * Medullary Trunk, to wit, where thofe prominencies 

 thepkho°fche c § row to its ^des, is a cranny or incifure leading to the funnel [infundi bulum ] into 

 back-bone. ' which both Ventricles have their outlets or apertures 5 fo that there is no doubt, but 

 ■j-WatryEx- « the f Serofities there collected are that way avoided.. Moreover, it is very likely, 



t triat xhek hollowed and medullary prominencies in Birds do mpply the place and ufe 

 c of the Callous body 5 the Animal Spirits being in them circulated for the exercife of 

 c their Faculties. For the room in the Brain is but ftrait, fo that within its limits the • 

 c Spirits cannot be both produced and circulated. Furthermore, whereas in Birds 

 c there is more ufe of Animal Spirits for the actions of the loco-motive faculty, than 

 c thofe of the Fancy or Memory, confequently their chief place or rcndezvouz, where 

 ' they both convene and are exercifed,ought to be fituate in the prolonged pith,rather 

 c than in the Brain. 



♦ 4#tiU ca- <■ Xhe * parotide Arteries, which bring bloud to the Brains of greater Birds, are 10 



c fmall that they bear no proportion to the lame in Man and Quadrupeds. Their 

 ij Textures <■ trunks being entred, the Skull without any divarication into the Net-like f plexus, 

 Xonof vdifeis ■•' a ^ ter tne ^ ame ma nner as in other Animals, afcend by the Pituitary Glandule, and 



c proceed ftrait to the Brain, and fo diftribute certain (lender twigs both to its exteri- 

 . I our circuit, and through its interiour recefles. For indeed the Brains of Birds are 



' irrigated with a very fmall portion of bloud in refpecl: of other Animals, becaufe 



c not much bloud is required to the refection of the Animal Spirits, where the fancy 



1 and imagination are not much exercifed. 

 liammm'ani ■ ' ?** ^ s ( contrar T to what fome alTert ) have both the * Mammillary procejfes, and the 

 Fap like. ' c t Sieve-like bone : for the anteriour productions of the Brain very much extenuated 

 t os cribn- e a nd involved in the harder Tegument or Membrane, [ Dura Menynx ~\ running for- 

 Jm ' c ward almoft to the middle part of the Bill, are inferted into a Triangular bone, 



c wherein is a double Sinus or Cavity, divided by a thin partition £ Septo. ~] Thefe 



'proceffes 



