Book I. 0^3\C1T HO LO §T. 



curioufly weighed and considered that matter 3 that he that would attempt fuch a 

 thing with hope of fuccefs, mud fo contrive and adapt his wings, that he may make 

 ufe of his legs and not his arms in the managing of them. 



Chap. II. 

 Of the inward farts of Birds. 



T He learned Dottor Willis in his Book of the Anatomy of the Brain, Chap. 5. 

 doth largely treat of the Brains of Birds, where he accurately defcribes their 

 Teguments, Parts-, and Ventricles, in thefe words : c The upper part of the Dun *mr. 



* Skull covering the Brain being taken up, the thicker Membrane or Tegument, 

 ' called, Dura Mtnynx, ftraitly embraces the whole bulk within contained. In the 

 c middle of this Membrane, where the Brain is divided into two Hemifpheres, there 

 « is a Shuts [a hollow Cavity or VefTel] extended long-ways 5 which (noSithe-like 

 c procefs being there let down between the Hemifpheres, as in Men and Quadru- 

 c peds) is not very deeply inferted into the Brain: In that part of this Membrane 



* which interpdfing it felf divides between the Brain and the Cerebellum, there arc 

 c formed two lateral Sinufis. There is moreover in Birds the fourth Sinus, butfituate 

 c fomething more backward than in Man or Quadrupeds. For a little below the 



c Conarion or Pine-like Glandule a round hollow procefs is letdown from the *Bura * The exteri* 

 c Mater upon the legs of the Ipinal marrow [pith of the back-bone] produced, r ^ u . r an J 



* where it is ftraightway divided into two branches, of which it fendeth on each fide or'tegument 

 c one upwards into the Cavity fituate in the hinder part of the Brain between the ofthe Brain. 

 6 ftriate Membrane and the Hemifphere of the Brain. 



c This uppermoft Membrane, called Dura Menynx, being cut off round about, and 

 c laid afide, the very thin Membrane immediately invefting the Brain, called Pia 

 6 Mater, comes in view : Which is not adorned with fuch a thick contexture of VefTels 

 £ as in Man and other perfect. Animals , but confiding of a very fubtil web of Fibres, 

 c doth only wholly inveft and clofely embrace the plain and even Surface of the Brain, 

 c devoid of all windings or plaits [Gym <&anftaBibus7\ 



c The Fabric of the brain in Birds, is unlike to that of Men and Quadrupeds: For 

 e betides that it hath no windings \_anfrattus~\ or inequalities in its exterior part, 

 e inwardly alfb the callous body, the Fornix or arched R.oof,and alfo the ftriate bo- 

 c dies, fuch as we have before defcribed; moreover, the whole frame of the Brain is 

 c otherwife contrived and figured. That thefe things may be the more clearly per- 

 c *ceived, take for diffection the Brain of a Qoofe ovTurkey, and having cut open the 



* Teguments, preffing gently where the fiilure of the Brain is, feparate by degrees 

 c the one half from the other, till you come to the very bottom, in which are two 

 c pithy bodies, which being ftretched out tranfverfly like Nerves, connect the Hc- 

 c milpheres of the Brain together. Both fides of the lnterftice are inverted with a 

 c whitilh Membrane, marked with {brakes as it were rays, drawn from the whole 



* compais or Circumference thereof toward the inferior Angle: Which ftrakesare 

 c concentred about the infertions of the medullary bodies. This Membrane being 

 c cut there will appear underneath it in each Hemiiphere of the Brain a Cavity ex- 

 c tending it felf over the whole fpace on that fide the lnterftice, and ahb covering the 

 c hinder Region of the Brain, the Roof whereof is the (aid Membrane. Both Cavi- 

 c ties about the bottom open into an intermediate common pailage or channel going 



c out into the * infundibulum, and from both fides of that paffage are ftretched forth * The funnel 

 c the legs of the produced Ipinal marrow [Medulla oblongata"] on which the He- jj ^the"?/- 

 c milpheres of the Brain on each fide are hung by the two medullary bodies, to wit, tun ma giJ- 

 c from the main bulk of the Brain lying under the Ventricle the one half of the fpinal duli - 

 c marrow proceeds, and from the ftriate Membrane covering the Ventricle the other 

 c half. From both thefe placed in both fides certain medullary bodies, already men- 

 c tioned, (hooting forth tranfverfly like Nerves do conned the two Hemifpheres of 



* the Brain. Moreover, thefe two uniting and growing together on both fides, do 

 c faften both Hemifpheres of the Brain to the legs of the fpinal pith produced, [Me- 



* dull<e oblongat<e.~] 



c So that the figure of the Brain in Birds, compared with the Brains of Men an4 

 c the more perfect Quadrupeds, feems to he as it were inverted. For as in thefe 



'the 



