Book I. ^^lT H LO §r. ? 



back-toe. Such are among the Birds hitherto known, I. The Cajfowary or Emeuj what Birds 

 2. The Bufiard 3 3. The Stone Curlew or Oedicnemm of Bellonim 34. If it. bedi- £»<*«« 

 flincT: from the precedent, the Bird called Stella by Aldrovandm 3 5. The Ax as. Cam- 

 peflrtsof Bellonim ? 6. The Sea-Pie or H<ematopm of Bellonim 3 7. The Himanto- 

 pm of jp/mj! 5 8. The Oem 2>/<rc/<jr 5 9. The Sea-Lark., called Charadrim by ^r^ 

 vandmj 10. The Sander ling. And of whole-footed Fowl, ii.-Thei^wgawj'ia.The 

 Coulterneb, Pope or M*&*, i. e. ^»^y Jr<fe C/#/T 13. The J«4, or Razor-bill 3 

 1 4. The Guillemot or Sea-hen 3 15. The Afr r£#f of Bellonim, if it be a ■different Bird 

 from the J**^ which we doubt of 3 And laftly, The Greenland Dove. TheOJirich on^- 

 ly hath but two Toes: Yet Marggravim gives three to the Brafllian OJirich. More 

 than four toes in each foot ( whatever the Ancients report of the Porphyrio ) Nature 

 hath bellowed on no fort of Bird, \anlefs you take the Spur in the Poultry kind {01 a 

 Toe. Of thole which have four Toes, the mod have them (landing three forward, The fituatioa 

 and one backward 3 fome have two forward, and two backward, as the Cuckqw, a u ofthe Toes. 

 forts of * Parrots and Wood-peckers, &c. Some have two forward, one backward, and * Parrorsare 

 a fourth movable outward, lb far as to make a right Angle with the middle Toe, as ra - h f r of th h e 

 the bald Buzzard, and perchance fome other Birds of prey, and all Owls. And laftly, «« mow one 

 fome have all four (landing forward, as the Swift. Thofe which want the back-toe Toe either 

 never fit upon Trees. The middle-toe and Leg-bone in mod Birds are of equal way ' 

 length. In fome whole-footed Birds the inmoft Toe hath an external welt or bor- 

 der of skin all along the length of it, of a good breadth 3 but never the out- 

 inoft. 



12. In all Birds that have four Toes, excepting only the blacks Martin or Swift, The bones of 

 the back-toe hath but one bone, the outmofl of the fore-toes two, the middlemoft the Toes - 

 three, and the inmoft four. Which order, fb conftantly obferved by Nature, hath 



not as yet been taken notice of by any Naturalift, that I know. Of all the Birds 

 (as I laid ) that we have as yet taken notice of, the Black, Martin is only to be ex- 

 cepted, whofe feet are of a lingular make, and different from thofe of other Birds 

 as ihall be (hewn in its Hiftory. The hinder-toe, in thofe Birds which have it, is fi«' 

 tuate on the inner fide of the foot, fupplying the place and ule of a Thumb. Thd 

 Claw or Talon of the hind-toe, atleaft in Land-fowl, is the greateft and flrongeffc of 

 all. In thofe Birds that have but one back-toe, the outmofl: of the fore-toes for fome 

 fpacefrom the bottom is joyned to the middle toe, thatit may not fall backward, nor 

 fo much as run outward, [ inmoft Birds,not in all. ] This conjunction is either imme- 

 diate by cohaefion, or mediate by an intervening Membrane. 



13. All Birds that we have yet feen and examined, even fuch as want a Tail, have The Rump 

 a Rump. Upon the Rump grow two Glandules, defigned for the preparation and and ics Glan ~ 

 fecretion of a certain unctuous humour, and furnilhed with a hole or excretory Ve£ duIes ' 



fel. About this hole grows a tuft of fmall feathers or hairs, fbmewhat like to a Pain- 

 ters Pencil. When therefore the parts of the feathers are fhattered, ruffled, or any 

 way difcompofed, the Bird, turning her head backward to her rump, with her Bill 

 catches hold of the forenamed tuft, and preffing the Glandules, forces out the oyly 

 pap, and therewithal! anointing the disjoyned parts of the feathers, and drawing 

 them out with her bill, recompoles and places them in due order, and caufesthemto 

 flick falter together. But here we are to take notice, that the Glandules of the 

 Rump are leffer in thofe Birds that want Tails, as Colymbi, and the Iikei, than in thofe 

 that have them. 



14. The Orifices of Excrements and that of the Womb have a contrary fite in all fea- mrvy of Gcl % 

 thered Fowl to what they have in other Animals : For in thefe, that of the Excrements is ne ™' Exer -5» 

 placed immediately under theTail, and beneath it that of the Womb : In thofe, the vent or 



Orifice of Excrements is fituate lowermofi, the aperture of the Womb between that and the 

 Rump. * Aldrovandus thinks the convenience of coition is the caufe of this pofition * orriitbd 

 of parts: For (faith he) in thefe Animals engendring, the Male getting upon or treading lib.14-c.1V 

 the Female, the Infiruments of generation ought to be near one another, that they may more 

 eafily and readily couple tog ether. Which reafon is not to us fatisfadt ory, for that Quadru- 

 peds which mingle alfo by fupergrefnon or leaping, though they have not their 

 Genitals fo fituate, experience from thence no difficulty or inconvenience in their 

 Coition. 



1 5. It is common to all Birds to have their whole body 4 or at leaft the greateft part AH Birds fe£ 

 of it, covered with feathers growing thereon. By the word body in this place I un- thercdi 

 derftandonlythe Trunk of the body: For inmoft Birds the legs and feet, and in 



fome alfo the head is uncovered. I add j~ the greateft part] for the OJirich fake. , For 



B 2 though 



