METHODS 13 



The male plant (Fig. 1, A) is smaller and more delicate than the 

 female, while the lamina is more strongly corrugated. The antheridia 

 occur in thick patches upon the dorsal surface of the midrib of the ulti- 

 mate segments of the frond, and each antheridium is subtended by a scale 

 whose margins may be either entire or toothed (Fig. 4, A, B). More 

 than one crop of antheridia may be formed on a frond, and one some- 

 times finds old patches of scales with the remains of discharged antheridia 

 on the older portion of the frond whose terminal segments bear younger 

 antheridia. Fig. 4, D shows a cross-section of a segment of the frond, 

 passing through a group of antheridia upon its dorsal surface. Fig. 4, C 

 shows a longitudinal section of a frond-segment, passing through a nearly 

 ripe antheridium, covered by its subtending scale. 



The archegonial receptacles (Fig. 6, G, H) arise very close to the 

 point where two segments of the frond diverge, and not infrequently 

 actually at the fork, although not as a marginal structure. As the recep- 

 tacle grows it overlaps the fork; but careful examination shows that it 

 does not arise from the margin, but from a point some distance from it 

 between two of the costae. Several archegonial receptacles may occur 

 on a single frond, and always near the base of the lamina. Receptacles 

 of quite different ages occur in close proximity, so apparently the devel- 

 opment is not necessarily acropetal. The material was too old to show 

 the young archegonia, and for the present the question as to the exact 

 origin of the young receptacle must remain in doubt. 



Pallavicinia radiculosa (Sande) Schiffner 

 Pallavicinia radiculosa is the largest species of the genus, and a 

 most striking liverwort. The specimens used in these investigations 

 were collected at Tjipanas, some remarkable hot springs on Mt. Panger- 

 ango, at an elevation of 2140 metres. The plants grow in large loose 

 mats where the warm water oozes out of the mountain side. Tjipanas 

 is the original locality for the species, and it has been collected at this place 

 by a number of botanists. Schiffner states [2] that it is also known from 

 Borneo, and Stephani [1] gives also a station in the Island of Mergui 

 in the Bay of Bengal. It was collected in January, 1913, by Professor 

 Campbell near Taiping in the Federated Malay States, growing upon a 

 dripping bank, under much the same conditions as in Java, except that 

 the location was only a few hundred feet above sea level instead of at an 

 elevation of 2000 metres. The difference is to be explained by the fact 

 that in Java the necessary heat was furnished by the hot springs about 

 which it was growing. It is highly probable that further search will 

 show the plant to occur in other parts of the Malayan region. 



