FOREST AND STREAM. 



15 



Inch oak, except; for the rudder post. The piece for 1 'udder 

 post should be six inches wide, two and a half inches thick, 

 and of sufficient length to allow for the mortise for tiller 

 above deck. Shape as shown in diagram. The top part of 

 rudder post, as far as it passes through the stern of boat, 

 should be made round, two and a half inches iu diameter ; 

 below this it is flattened down until it conforms to the rest of 

 the rudder. The milder should be two feet in length, and 

 fastened together by half-inch iron rods running through the 

 edges of the boards, as shown by the dotted lines in the dia- 

 gram. The holes for the rods must necessarily be true, and 

 it is best to mark the boards from each 'edge, and one-half way 

 through from each side ; by this means the holes will meet one 

 another squarely. At the proper place on rudder post we now 

 cut out a notch', and tit on an iron with a half inch pintle, to 

 tit eye on stern deadwood. The ruddcr-hcad requires two iron 

 bands, one above and one below the mortice iu which flic tiller 

 is placed, or a band can be placed around the whole rudder- 

 headlong enough to include the mortise, wdiich is cut through 

 it ; this last being the best. Out a hole through the bottom 

 boards at stern; large enough to allow the rudder-head to pass 

 easily to place, and around the rudder post where it passes 

 through the boat, fit a wooden box to the bottom, making the 

 box large enough so that the rudder can be taken out easily; 

 nail the box securely to the bottom and make water-tight. 

 When fitting on the deck cut the board in front of rudder- 

 head so that the rudder will incline enough to be easily re- 

 moved, and finish by having an iron or brass plate on the deck 

 with a hole cut through of size just sufficient to allow the rud- 

 der head to fit nicely;" fasten plate to deck with screws. Lay 

 the deck with narrow boaidi two inches in width and three- 

 quarters thick; the deck can be arranged to the builder's fancy, 

 but on the sides should be at least a foot wide and at the bow 

 must extend back far enough to include the step for mast. 

 The deck beams may be made of inch boards three inches wide; 

 make the "rise" of deck from a half to three fourths of an 

 inch par fooi of width, placing the beams one foot apart, those 

 at the mast to be double strength and braced with " knees" at 

 each end. Put in a wide deck plank of oak for the mast to 

 pass through, using inch or inch and a quarter stall with its 

 edges beveled down to correspond in thickness to the other 

 deck planks; fasten it firmly its whole length, and to the two 

 heavy deck beams bolt it with sere w-bolts ; the deck boards 

 are put on lengthwise the boat, around the sides of "cockpit." 

 Nail an inch board, allowing it to extend downward as far as 

 the bottom of deck beams,"and rise above four or five inches. 

 At each end of cockpit nail similar boards crosswise the boat, 

 fitting the ends neatly to the side pieces, when the "combing" 

 is completed. A floor may now be fitted in the boat, or not, 

 as is desired. Arrange seats as wanted. Cut the hole for the 

 mast in the centra of tha boat's width, three and three-fourths 

 feet from the bow of boat. Make a " step " for bottom of 

 mast of two inch plank, which must be fasteued very firmly on 

 the bottom of the boat, directly beneath the hole in deck. At 

 the stern, back of rudder-head should be fastened, crosswise the 

 boat, an iron rod with its ends bent down about three inches, 

 and so formed that it can be firmly fastened to the deck ; this 

 is called the "travel." A pair of rowdocks may now be in- 

 serted in blocks fastened outside the "combing :'t — oars nine or 

 ten feet long should be used. Fasten a ring to bow of boat 

 for painter. A small rope should be fastened to the eye on top 

 of centre-board, of a length sufficient to allow the top of centre- 

 board to descend to the "bottom of trunk, or a little low f er ; on 

 the end of the rope is placed a wooden button or ball, large 

 enough to prevent it passing through the opening or "well" 

 in trunk. When the centre-boardls raised, it is kept up by 

 passing an iron pin througha hole in back end of centre board, 

 the ends of the pin resting on top of the trunk. This pin has 

 an eye at one end in which a siaiill chain or card is fastened, 

 the other end being attached to the side of trunk to prevent 

 the loss of pin when not in use. 



sail to the rope without stretching the, sail any, 

 b* i mccs of a yard or so apart ; this will serve as a guide 

 when sewing and prevent " drawing in " the Bail. On the 

 "leach," j, «,, the edge running from the boom to point of 

 gaff, it is best to take out a little more twist from the rope by 

 untwisting it slightly. Some prefer to sew on the rope down 

 a foot or so from the gaff, and then pass it through an eyelet 

 hole to the inside of hem and run it down to point of boom; 

 thence pass it through large groinmet, and finally bring the 

 end along the boom inward, far enough to reach handily, at, 

 Which place it is fastened to a " cleat "on side of boom. By 

 this method, if the " leach " of sail at any time is too long or 

 too short, it can be remedied by altering" the length of rope. 

 The mast and booms are best made of spruce, though pine 

 will answer well. The boom is throe and a fourth inches 

 diameter in its middle, and tapers to about two inches or so 

 at the ends. The gaff-boom must be two and a fourth 

 inches at middle, tapering to one and ahalf and one arid three- 

 fourths at the ends. The "throat" or end of boom at mast 

 is shaped as shown ia diagram. The gaff is shaped in the 

 same manner. On the upper side of boom, and on the under 

 side of gaff, nail on edge strips of wood three-fourths by three 

 eighths inches extending from one end to th e other, through 

 which boles are bored and cords run, and through tne grom- 

 met of sail to fasten if to the, booms. The corners of sail arc 

 more securely fastened to booms by passing a stout, cord around 

 boom at outside end, and nailing a small block back of cord to 

 prevent its slipping. The, corner at throat is fastened by boring 

 a hole down through the end of the boom and fastening the 

 cord through it. Wooden or iron rings are, used on mast, bat 

 wooden ones are preferable, and they must be large enough to 

 run freely. Blocks are fastened on mast and booms as shown 

 in diagram, the upper block being a double one, while the 

 rest are single. The blocks on mast may be fastened to "eyes" 

 in iron rings around mast at the places shown. The blocks 

 may be cither of wood or metal and of a size to take a half- 

 inch rope— the block on the boom a single one, and that on 

 the travel double. The . " traveller block" is fastened to a 

 loose ring on the "travel ." Mast four and a half inches diameter 

 at deck, one and three-fourths at the top, and of the length 

 shown on diagram. The ropes for hoisting sail arc passed 

 through blocks or eyes screwed in deck, one on each side of 

 the mast, and then carried to the cockpit, where the ends are 

 fastened to " cleats." Make two rows of eyelet holes in sail 

 parallel with boom, and about three feet from it and from one 

 another, in which fasten reef-strings, so that one-half the 

 length of string is on each side of the sail. Make the tiller 

 of tough oak, or it may he made of iron. 



This boat will require air anchor of twenty-five pounds. 

 The •■ centre of effort" of the sail, and the "centre of longi- 

 tudinal section" (terms which will be explained in a future 

 article) lie nearly iu the same vertical plane when the centre- 

 board is up, and but one person in the boat. When the cen- 

 tre-board is down, the boat will have considerable weather 

 helm. This is the only safe and agreeable way of adjusting 

 the sails to any boat. Use 250 or 300 pounds of ballast. For 

 small boats the best ballast is clean gravel, placed iu strong 

 canvas bags, six or seven inches iu diameter, and about fif- 

 teen inches long. Distribute the ballast, whether passengers 

 or gravel bags, in such a manner that, when "beating'' to 

 windward, it will require, the tiller to be held over to the 

 "windward" side (or side turned toward the wind), at a 

 small angle with the vessel's "course." When trimmed right, 

 the vessel will head up in the wind when the hand is removed 

 from the tiller. Above all things, if yon value your safety, 

 never sail airy boat that has a "lee helm," that is, one "in 

 which the bow of the boat will swing around with the wind 

 when the rudder is left to its own guidance. With such a boat 

 there will be considerable difficulty in going about, or chang- 

 ing to another course, and if caught in a squall, the prob'a 

 bililies are that you will upset. If the boat has a lee helm, 

 shift ballast forward until there is a change to " weather 

 helm." If there is too much weather heluu shift the ballast 

 toward the stern of boat until the tiller will be required to 

 be put over to windward, only a small amount to keep the 

 boat on her course. The directions given for a scow will 

 also answer for a sailing ski if, the only difference being the 

 bow. Directions already given for rowing skiff will suffi- 

 ciently explain this point otherwise proceed as directed for 

 scow. On the diagram of sail a rope is represented running 

 from point of boom to top of mast; this is called the. "topping 

 lift," and its purpose is to help support the boom ; it can be 

 omitted, but is of considerable convenience, and we would 

 recommend its use. Either a sailing scow or skiff will make 

 a very good boat on inland waters where there are no large 

 waves, but in sailing on rough waters or ocean billows they 

 are dangerous, and we would advise no one to use them in such 

 places. Nauxicts. 



The diagram shows shape and dimensions for a suitable 

 sail, which should be made of heavy drilling or light duck, the 

 seams being formed try lapping the edges of the breadths one 

 on the other an inch, sewing both edges in that position. The 

 stitch used is similar to that which ladies call a "hem," only 

 coarser stitches, one-quarter of an inch apart or more The 

 different "breadths" are also to be "bighted" or seamed once 

 through their middle lengthwise, forming the seam in the 

 same manner as at the edges, that is, doubling it over on itself 

 an inch. For sewing use sail twine, though good hard laid 

 wrapping twine will answer as well. The seams should run 

 parellel with the "leach," or outside edge of sail. Lay the 

 cloth on a floor and shape caref ully as shown on diagram* 

 turning a hem all around the edges two or three inches wide. 

 At each corner sew on an extra thickness of cloth, extending 

 across the corners six or eight inches, and also sew on an extra 

 thickness at the points where the reef-string will come on 

 "leach" and mast. In the corners of the sail place large 

 hrass grommets or " eyelets," and also in the places where the 

 extra thickness of cloth was sewed on. On the edges which 

 lie along the boom and gaff place small brass grommets one 

 foot apart ; along the mast edge of sail they may be fifteen 

 inches apart. Sew on the edges of sail a half inch hemp 

 rope, which should be drawui around over the ground for 

 some distance before using, in order to take out the, extra 

 twist; when the rope is perfectly dry, fasten the edge 



New York Yacht Club.— The annual cruise of .this club 

 was begun yesterday. The programme contemplates a run 

 from Glen Cove to New London, thence to Greenport, New 

 Bedford, Oak Bluffs and thence to Newport for the club re- 

 gatta. Notable features of the cruise this year are thepresence 

 of the steam yachts, a series of handicap " races from port to 

 port, and the presentation, to take place at Shelter Island or 

 Newport, of an elegant silver punch bowl to Mr. J. ft. Dick- 

 erson, of the schooner yacht Madeleine. This is to be a testi- 

 monial of regard from the club members to Mr. Dickerson for 

 the service rendered last year when the Madeleine contend ed 

 as champion schooner of the club against the schooner Countess 

 of Dufferin, of the Royal Canadian Yacht Club, for the pos- 

 session of the American cup. 



Newbukgh Bat Yacht Club Regatta— Nmburg, Aug. 

 1. —The fourth annual regatta of this club was sailed Wed- 

 nesday afternoon, Aug. 1st. The weather was most propitious; 

 the breeze was a stiff northeaster ; the docks, river banks and 

 excursion steamers were crowded with throngs of many 

 thousands of spectators ; the arrangements for a successful re- 

 gatta were most admirable, and admirably carried out, aud 

 the regatta a success. The prizes were : For first-class, $75 

 first, a marine glass second ; for second-class, $50 first, a bar- 

 ometer second ; for third-class, $50 first, set of colors second ; 



imaginary line drawn 

 from the judges' boat, off the long dock at Newburg, crossing 

 it from the north ; thence to and around mark boat No. 1, off 

 the long dock at Fishkill; thence to and around mark boat No. 

 2, two and one. half miles south, turning from east to west- 

 thence to and around stakeboat No. 3, two and one-half miles 

 north of starting point, turning from west to east ; thence to 

 and around stakeboat No. 4, anchored opposite the foundry 

 at Fishkill, turning from east to west; thence to and around 

 stakeboat at the starting point, turning from north to south • 

 going over the course twice. The result was as follows ; ' 



I'tr.ST CLASS. 



Name. Elapsed time. Corrected time, 



n. m. s. 



DareDovH 3 OS la 



W. R. Brown 2 6S 15 



Journeyman 3 21 ,38 



SECOND CLASH. 



Bertha Disabled. 



Let Tier Be 3 hi 50 



Pluck and Lack 3 00 11 



OtaraS 3 30 27 



Freak 3 58 20 



II. II. Holmes 3 55 3(1 



10UUTU CLASS. 



Flyaway 3 1T 27 



Coral 3 30 20 



Fidget 3 2T 47 



j*nnn 3 39 45 



Thomas Paine 3 27 C5 



Victoria 3 it 01 



Carrie Not timed 



catamarans. 



Tarantella 2 29 00 



Amaryllis 3 10 30 



THIRD CLASS. 



AddieTaylor 3 47 12 



Sophia Emma 3 42 Vi ' 



ZijlZag 4 03 12 



Kale E Not timed. 



PeterO'Brlen , 3 57 15 3 53 l 



Restless Not, timed. 



Emily Not timed. 



Lawrence Not timed. 



CoraD Not timed. 



Sylvia Not timed . 



Faith .• 3 52 25 3 52 25 



Petrel Not timed. 



The special prize was won by the Victoria as follows : 



Yacht. Elapsed lime. Correered time. 

 h. m. s. h. M. s. 



Victoria 3 17 oi g 17 01 



W. R. Browu 2 58 IS 2 5S 00 



Duck and Lack 3 0(i 11 3 00 4.SK 



Sophia Emma 3 42 12 3 80 57" 



Rochester Yacht Club:— Gharlotte, A. J'., Aug. 1.— T ua 

 second trial of yachts took place, as above, under circunT* 

 stances in happy contrast with those which made a forme 1 ' 

 trial comparatively uusuccessf id. - The following is the list o 1 ' 

 entries, with the result: 



H. 



a, 



8. 



it 





45 



2 



56 



45 



:i 



31 



32 



3 



19 



'.'.' 



3 



on 





3 



','; 



42 



3 



.!■-. 



00 



:; 



50 



00 



3 



17 



27 



3 



30 



20 



3 



IS 



47 



3 



30 



ir» 



3 



18 



25 



3 



06 



40 



• 

 2 



29 



00 



2 



55 



20 



3 



■17 



fa 



3 



4i 



02 



3 



55 



32 



Name. 



Owner. 



Time. 



U. 51. S. 



Belle Clifton l r>2 38 



SetliGreen Ka«e l 5y 41 



]>. W. Powers Nolan 2 8 61 



Ida Jones 2 s "i 



Ripple :..Willarrt 2 15 30 



Newport Wai/.er • 2 15 47 



Annette Dodd 2 19 41 



1 :, 'in Wood worth Not timed. 



•Storm Van Voorhia Drawn. 



Rochester Green Drawn. 



Newport Yacht Olub.,— $hepo%t, ft. ./., Aug. 1.— Handi- 

 cap race of sloop yachts for prize presented by Com. Loril- 

 lard : 



Boat. Start. Return. 



It. M. S. H. il. S. 



Schemer 11 35 00 3 35 us 



LlHline H 15 00 3 40 00 



Evelyn n 17 uo 3 50 on 



Oatamakanb on toe Lake.— Hartinan Talbot, of the Port 

 Huron Commercial, is " doing" the Great Lakes with a cata- 

 maran, cruising leisurely along the coast from Port Huron or 



Chicago. 



—Wallace Ross, who recently defeated Plaisted, of New 

 York, and Smith, of Halifax, has challenged Morris, of Pitts 

 burg, Courtney, of Uniou Springs, N. Y., and Harden, of 

 Toronto, to a race of three, four or five miles, $500 

 or $5,000 a side; In case either of the challenged par- 

 ties refuse to accept, the challenge is open to any American. 



— The amateur sculling championship of the Thames has 

 again been carried off by T. C. Edwards, Mass. The distance 

 was three miles, and the time 34m. 43s. 



—The Long Branch Rowing Association regatta comes off 

 at Pleasure Bay on or about Aug. 15th. 



Tiffany & Co., Silversmiths, Jewelers, and Im 

 porters, have always a large stock of silver 

 articles for prizes for shooting, yachting, racing 

 and other sports, and on request they prepare 

 special designs for similar purposes. Their 

 Timing "Watches are guaranteed for accuracy, 

 and are now very generally used for sporting 

 and scientific requirements. TIFFANY & CO. 

 are also the agents in America for Messrs. 

 Fates, Philippe & Co., of Geneva, of whose 

 celebrated watches they have a full line. Their 

 stock of Diamonds and other Precious Stones 

 General Jewelry, Bronzes and Artistic Pottery 

 is the largest in the world, and the public are 

 invited to visit their establishment without feel 

 ing the slightest obligation to purchase. Union 

 Square, New York^ 



