FOREST T AND STREAM. 



Tub American Pomologica/l Sociktv holds its meeting 

 this season at Baltimore, commencing Wednesday, Sept. 12th, 

 at 10 a. an, and continuing three flays. All Pdmological, 

 Horticultural, Agricultural ami kindred societies in the CTdited 



States and British Provinces arc mvited to send art large dele 

 gations as they may deem expedient, and all persons inter- 

 ested in the cultivation of I'mits are invited to he present and 

 lake scats iti the convention. 



This coming session is expected to be unusually interesting 

 from its location in the great fruitgrowing region of the At- 

 lantic coast, and from the varied, experience embodied in the 

 re] luris of the Stale ami local horticultural societies to ho pre- 

 sented. The Maryland Horticultural Society will, at the 

 same time, hold a grand exhibition of fruits, plants, flowers 

 and vegetables. Which will give increased interest to the 

 occasion. 



Packages of fruit, with the. names of contributors, may be 

 addressed to the American Ponvlogic.il Society, care of W. 

 B. Sands, Baltimore, Md. 



To Keep Meat Fresh.— As soon as the animal heat is out 

 of the meal slice it up ready for cooking. Prepare large 

 jar by scalding well with hot water and salt. Mix salt and 

 pulverized saltpetre in the. proportion of one tablcspoonl'ul 

 of saltpetre to one tcacupful of salt. Cover the bottom of 

 the jar with a sprinkle of salt and pepper, Put down a 

 layer of meat, sprinkle with salt and pepper the same as if 

 just going to the table, and continue in this manner till the 

 jar is full. Fold a cloth or towel and wet it in strong salt and 

 wafer in which a little of the saltpetre is dissolved. Press the 

 cloth closely over ihe meat and set in a cool place. Be sure 

 and press the cloth on tightly as each layer is removed, 

 and your meat will keep for months. It is a good plan to 

 let the meat he over night after it is sliced before packing. 

 Then drain off all the blood that oozes from it. It will be 

 necessary to change the cloth occasionally, and take it off 

 and wash it— first in cold water, then scald in salt and water 

 as at first. — Mas. 



► — •♦. -* 



Pressed Leaves and Flowers for Wlntkb.— Jack-in- 

 the-Pulpit, iu the August "St. Nicholas," gives some hints for 

 preparing leaves and flowers for home decoration. By the 

 exercise of very little labor, and without any expense rooms 

 niiv Ik: thus rendered wonderfully cheerful for the long winter 

 months : 



The Little Hohoolnia'am's plan ia I o takes sheet of thin cotton-batting, 

 and lav tin.' flowers carefully on it, covering them with another sheet, 

 and then pnttmg the whole under slight pressure. Sometimes, when 

 the flowers are thick, and contain a good deal of moisture, she puts 

 theui iu fresh cotton Hie next day, and after that does not disturb 

 them. But in pressing nearly all the small tlowers, the cotton need not, 

 he changed at all, and not even opened uutil the tlowers are preserved. 

 I inticed that, the Little Schoolma'am's pressed flowers had a soft, 

 bright look. She groups the long-stemmed ones prettily in vases, or 

 lays them between sheets of thin glass, and hangs them in her windows 

 in the winter, she savs. Thev haven't at all the poor, pinched, faded, 

 flattened look of flowers prepared in other ways. The Little School- 

 ma'am presses green leaves and ribbon-grass iu the same way, keeping 

 llieir color perfectly; and 3he told the children that when they wanted 

 lo pile a number of these double cotton layers together, it was better 

 to lay a sheet of blotting paper iu between the sets. Sometimes she 

 lays tisane paper between the flowers and the cotton; but it is of the 

 thinnest kind. 



— .♦«--. 



— House plants ought to he stimulated gently once or twice 

 a week. Rain water, so refreshing to summer flowers, always 

 contains ammonia, which also abounds in all liquid manures. 

 If you take an ounce of pulverized carbonate of ammonia, dis- 

 solved m one gallon of water, it will make spring water even 

 more stimulating to your plants than rain water. If you 

 water your plants once in two weeks with guano water (one 

 fa.blespooirful to a pail of water), they will grow more thrifty. 

 Chicken manure dissolved in water is excellent. Always keep 

 the soil in your flower pots loose. A common hairpin used 

 daily will stir the earth sufficiently. — Boston Journal of Chem- 

 istry. . 



The Rain Tree. — In the woods adjacent to the city of 

 Moyobambn, Peru, exists a tree- called by the natives Tamai- 

 easpi (rain tree) which possesses some remarkable qualities. 

 It is a tree of about fifty feet high when at maturity, and of 

 about three feet in diameter at tiie base, and has the property 

 of absorbing an immense quantity of humidity from the 

 atmosphere, which it concentrates and subsequently pours 

 forth from its leaves and branches in a shower, and in such 

 abundance that in many cases the. ground in its neighborhood 

 is converted into a perfect bog. It possesses this curious 

 property in its greatest degree in the summer, precisely when 

 the rivers are at, their lowest, and water most scarce ; and the 

 writer proposes that it should be planted in the more arid 

 regions of Peru for tho benefit of agriculturists.— Panama 

 Sth/r and Hcrakl. 



— Senator Dorsey is tsmiu'g buffaloes on his new Mexican 

 ranch. 



\h$ fym$. 



Antlers, Eto. — Collectors may obtain the following superb 

 specimens at a fair price, by addressing this office. 



One pair moose antlers, 16 prongs, mounted ■ one large 

 pair yak horns, joined at base ; one pair Texas horns ; one 

 bare head of mule deer, with antlers, ten prongs, mounted; 

 one pair antlers and head of red deer, mounted ; one upper 

 shell of sea tortoise, large ; one do., land tortoise; one alliga- 

 tor's head, mounted, fine white teeth ; one large clear and 

 white shark's jaw ; one walrus snout, mounted ; one large 

 sawfish snout; four large sword fish do.; one pair buffalo 

 horns, highly polished and joined; one pair caribou antlers 

 (female) even, fair sized and unmounted ; two pair red 

 deer antlers, mounted. 



The above are fine specimens, which will be presented to 

 Cambridge Museum if not quickly disposed of. 



Safety Rein Holder — The neatest thing that has come to 

 our notice is the Safety Rein Holder. It can be attached to any 

 carriage, clasps the reins without fuss or trouble, and holds 

 them securely. To physicians we especially rcommend it. 

 Wo know bow it is ourselves, and would not "bo without one 

 for three or four times its cost. It is neat, easily adjusted, 

 saves time, and prevents accidents. — See Adv. 



—Mere glitter and lip service deceive for a while, but in the long run 

 fail iti their influence. People learn to see beneath the seeming, fiut 

 B. T. Babbit's Toilet, Soap is precisely what it claims to be, the purest 

 and sweetest of toilet soaps, invaluable in the nursery, and consequent- 

 ly the best QJtiola for "fhikiyen of a larger growth,"- -< | 



To Cobkespondents.— TlioBe deBiring ub to prescribe for their dogs 

 wilt please take note of and describe the following pointB in each ani- 

 mal: 



1. Ago. 2. Food and medicine given. 3. Appearance of the eye ; 

 of the coat ; of the tongue and lips. 4. Any changes in the appearance 

 of the body, as bloating, drawing In of the flanks, etc. 5. Breathing, 

 the number of respirations per minute, and whether labored or not. 

 (i. Condition of the bowels and secretions of the kidneys, color, etc 7. 

 Appetite; regular, variable, etc. s. Temperature of the body as Indi- 

 cated by the bulb of the thermometer wheu placed between the body 

 and the foreleg. 9. Give position of kennel and surroundings, outlook, 

 contiguity to other buildings, and the uses of the latter. Also give any 

 peculiarities of temperament, movements, etc., that may be noticed ; 

 signs of suffering, etc. 



CANINE THERAPEUTICS AND PA- 

 THOLOGY-Fifth Paper. 



ANATOMY OF THE DOG OOMT-AKED WITH MAN. 



WE come next to those organs that serve to secrete and 

 excrete urine, and are likewise essential to the repro- 

 duction of the species. The kidneys are situated much in the 

 same way as in man, but are of more globular form, and un- 

 provided with fat on their anterior surface. This difference 

 is easily accounted for when we compare the situation and 

 posture of the two. In the dog they are placed in the infe- 

 rior part of the body, so as not to be subject to the pressure 

 of the vicera, which seems to be the cause of the deposit of 

 pinguedo in the biped ; hence there is no need of any cellular 

 substance to ward off pressure. The superior portions of the 

 canine kidneys are, however, well supplied with adipose tis- 

 sue, lest they should suffer any compression from the action 

 of the ribs and spine. 



In the internal structure of these organs there is considera- 

 ble difference. The papillae do not here send out single the 

 several tulmli uriniferi; but being all united, they hang down 

 in the form of a loose pendulous flap in the middle of the pel- 

 vis, and form a, kind of septum medium, so that a dog has a 

 pelvis formed within the substance of the kidney. The only 

 thing that is properly analogous to this in man, is that sac or 

 dilation of the ureters formed at the union of the ductus urini- 

 feri. The external part of the canine kidney closely resem- 

 bles one of the lobes of that of the human foetus. But in the 

 human adult, from the continual pressure of the surrounding 

 viscera, the lobes— which, in the fcetus, are quite distinct and 

 separated— coalesce, though the original cortical substance is 

 still preserved m the interior. The reason of these peculiari- 

 ties in Ihe dog are probably that the fluids of the animal— as 

 of all the carnivora— being much more acrid than those that 

 live on vegetable food, its urine must incline to alkalescency, 

 as indeed is proven by test and smell of that secretion in cats, 

 leopards, dogs, etc., being fetid and pungent, and therefore 

 not proper to be long retained in the body. For this end it is 

 proper the secerning organs should have as little impediment 

 as possible by pressure, etc., in the performance of their func- 

 tions ; and for that design the mechanism of the canine kid- 

 ney seems to be elegantly adapted. 



The glandule or capsules dtrabilarie are thicker and rounder 

 for the same reason as the kidneys. The ureters then, are more 

 muscular because of the. unfavorable passage the urine has 

 through them, they entering the bladder at the fundus. 



The bladder is much the same shape in all quadrupeds, be- 

 ing pyramidal or pyriform. Its difference in shape from 

 man arises from the fact that the neck, from which the ureth- 

 ra is continued, is higher than the fundus ; the urine, there- 

 fore, must distend and dilate the most depending part by its 

 weight. It is fastened to the abdominal walls by an exten- 

 sion or process of the peritonium, which membrane is extend- 

 ed quite over it. As a rule, carnivora have the bladder more 

 muscular, considerably stronger, and less capacious than the 

 herbivora— such as horses and cattle, whose viscus is perfectly 

 membranous, and very large. This is wisely adapted to 

 the nature of their food, for with the former the secretion is 

 is so acrid, that we may naturally believe that its remora 

 might be attended with ill consequences, and hence demands to 

 be quickly expelled. This is chiefly effected by its stimulat- 

 ing its receptacle to contraction, and consequent discharge of 

 contents, though the irritation does not depend upon the 

 stretching, so much as the peculiar qualities developed by the 

 secretion itself. That stimulus is one of the principal causes 

 of the excretion of urine is evident when we remember that 

 saline diuretics are dissolved into the semen of the blood, and 

 carried down by the kidneys to the bladder. The same ap- 

 pears likewise from the application of cantharides, or even 

 without medicines, where the parts are sensitive, as from ex- 

 coriation. Accordingly we find that canines micturate much 

 more frequently than man and other animals with whom veg- 

 etable food constitutes the greater portion of their diet. From 

 the acridity of the secretions of the carnivora, particularly 

 the dog, the old writers attempted to account for rabies. The 

 argument was this: that if these animals whose secretions 

 have a tendency to acridity or putrefaction are exposed to heat 

 or hunger, the small portions that would not be excreted— it 

 being claimed that unless new supplies were furnished that all 

 excretory matter would not be voided— would be absorbed into 

 the circulation, poisoning the blood and— to quote an old writ- 

 er- "the fluids become more and more acrid, by which the 

 creature falls into feverish and putrid diseases ; and, in fact, 

 we find that fatal and melancholy distempers, as rabies cinina 

 and mlpina frequent theae animals, whereas those that feed 

 on vegetable food seldom or never contract those diseases but 



by infection." At about the time these ideas of rabies were 

 being sown broadcast, one Dr. Heysham took up cudgels in 

 opposition to Ibis theory, and wrote a pamphlet in the di 

 of one, equally as ridiculous to our modern eyes, entitled, 

 " The Causo of Babies not Putresccncy, but Acidity of the 

 Fluids. !- 



The spermatic vessels are Avithin and covered by the peri- 

 toneum, from which a, membrane analagous to the mesentery 

 hangs loose and pendulous iu the abdomen, unlike man, where 

 they are contained in the cellular .structure of the peritoneum 

 which is tersely stretched over them. At, this passage out of 

 the lower abdomen there appears a simple perforation or ring, 

 precisely like that of the human featuB; This opening leaning 

 down to the testicles, which is of no disadvantage to the quad" 

 rupeds would have been of great, iuetmvenienco to the erect 

 biped, as, from the weight of his viscera, continually gra vital,. 

 ing opon these openings, would put him in perpetual danger 

 of enteroceles, and man is subject enough to hernia as it°is. 

 This, dogs are no way in danger from, since in llieir horizon- 

 tal position, this passage is in the highest part of then- abdo- 

 men, and the viscera can not press upon the apertures - and 

 even to prevent the slightest hazard, each is classed by a'loose 

 semilunar flap of fat, which not only prevents the intestines 

 from engaging in the passage, but does not allow the vessels 

 themselves to be constricted. Even in the most emaciated . 

 animals this remains intact. Again, with a similar condition 

 of affairs iu man, the constant dripping down of the secretions 

 of the omentum would have caused man to suffer with a per- 

 petual hydroceles \ but the posture of this animal secures hint 

 from anything of tho kind, though very fat lap dogs, who 

 consequently have an overgrown omentum, are sometimes 

 troubled with an epiplocele or hernia. 



The scrotum is not pendulous as with man, that the secre- 

 tion at each copulation may the sooner be brought from the 

 testes, thus in some measure supplying the place of the m- 

 sicula seminales, which are wanting in all canines ; the cotn-se 

 of tho semen through the vasa deferentia is thus shortened by 

 placing the secerning vessels nearer the excretory organs. 

 Perhaps its passage is Ukewise quickened by the' muscular 

 power of the vasa eleferentia, which is much stronger than in 

 the human. This want of vesicula seminales also explains why 

 the sexual act is so tedious with the dog • but why they are 

 absent in this animal more than in others is a circumstance 

 which we are unable to explain. 



The structure of the testicles is the same as man, as are like- 

 wise the corpus pyrimidak variosum, or pampiniform e, and 

 the epididymis or excretory vessel of the testicle, The msa 

 deferentia enters the abdomen where the blond vessels come 

 out, and, passing along the upper part of the bladder, are in- 

 serted a little below the bulbous part of the urethra. 



The prmputimn, is provided with two muscles; one arising 

 from the sphincter ani is inserted all along the penis, and is 

 known as the retractor prw.putii, which sufficiently explains its 

 office; the other takes its origin from the muscles of the abdo- 

 men, or rather appears to be a product of the tunica camosa 

 and is cutaneous • its use is the opposite of that of the retractor' 

 The corpus cavernosa rise much the same as in the human but 

 soon terminate, the rest being supplied by a triangular bone. 

 There are upon the penis two protuberant, bulbous, fleshy 

 substances, resembling the glans penis in man, at the back of 

 which arc two veins ; are compressed by the erectores penis 

 and other parts during coition, and the circulation stopped 

 the blood distending these bodies. After the male or-an is 

 thus swollen, the vagina of the female, by its contraction and 

 swelling ot its corpus cavemosurn, which i s consideraWy 

 greater than m other animals, gripes it closely, so that the 

 male is kept in action for some time whether he will or not 

 till time be given for bringing the semen necessary for the im 

 pregnation ot the bitch ; and thus, by that «jK *£*% 



and turns averse to her. Had, then, this penis been pbable as 

 m other animals, the urethra must of necessity have been com- 

 pressed by twisting, and consequently the course of he sernen 

 interrupted; but this is wisely provided aeainst by the carS 

 being placed in a groove excavated in theinferiof £d£& 

 bone After the emission the parts become flaccid and the 

 circulation is restored, when they are easily extracted 



The prostata is proportionately larger than in the 'human 

 and divided into two, and secrete a greater amount B 



The uterus of multiparous animals IPlittleXK a S 

 donation of the vagina, only separated from it by a snra i g J 

 or value. It bifurcates, forming two long canals 'which m urn 

 upon the loins, m which the offspring are lodge l.Tne^e "re 

 divided into different sacs, which are strongly constricted be 

 tween each fcetus, though these coarctions give * way when" 

 gestation is completed and birth begins y 



We next examine the thorax and" its contents. But it mav 

 not be amiss to remark of the diaphragm in its naUull sirii f 

 tion, that it is n general more loose and free than Sh us fs 

 connections being altogether different. The human Tli wrS™ 

 is attached to the pericardium, which again, " th?Xrvfn 

 ion of the medtastimnm, is tied to the sternum spne7tc 

 but in this animal there is some little space between the dm' 

 pbragm and pericardium. We observe further tha ir, middle 

 part is much more moveable, and the tendinous portion^ Tare 



833S£S»%S ESP * S£5W 



The disposition and situation of the mammae vary as thev 

 bear one or more young. TJniparous animals E them 

 placed between the posterior extremeties, which inSmfottS 



ment without the inconvenience of kneeling; nevertheless 



Sss£ a ;r als are of uo ^ at shG and a ° —5 



Kft™ he young are obliged to assume this position 

 Multipara are supplied with a number of te»ts, that S m* 



