for rats with a strong lino and hook, the latter baited witb a 

 morsel of bacon, partially Med. When taken to the Commis- 

 sary of Police they explained that they sold the skins of water- 

 rats at from 20c. to 80c. each, according to size, for manufac- 

 turing into " kid '' gloves for ladies. One of them, who was 

 not, not fishing, wheu questioned as to his means of earning a 

 livelihood, stated that he was " tin Jht " (a wave), that is' to 

 say, in the evening, at. one of the theatres, he passed backward 

 and forward beneath canvas, painted in shades of blue, to 

 imitate the motions of waves at sea ; but the official detained 

 him for vagabondage, considering the calling in question loo 

 vague to give a living. 



fo (.loKREsroNDKNTS.— Those desiring us to prescribe for their dogs 

 Will please taKe note of and describe the following points in each ani- 

 mal: 



1, Age. 2. Food and medicine given. 3. Appearance of the eye ; 

 or the coat ; of the tongue and lips. 4. Any changes in the appearance 

 of the body, as bloating, drawing in of the flanks, etc. 5. Breathing, 

 the number of respirations per minute, and whether labored or not. 

 (i. Condition of the bowols and secretions of the kidneys, color, etc 7. 

 Appetite ; regular, variable, etc. 8. Temperature of the body as indi- 

 cated by the bulb of the thermometer when placed between the body 

 and the foreleg. 9. Give position of kennel and surroundings, outlook, 

 contiguity to other buildings, and tile uses of the latter. Also give any 

 peculiarities of temperament, movements, etc., that may be noticed ; 

 signs of suffering, etc. 



— E. S. Wanmaker, of Hoboken, N. J., has a most excellent 

 breeding, rearing and boarding kennel. He makes a specialty 

 of breaking dogs for the Southern market. — See advertisement 

 in another column. 



— W. N. Rowley's terrier, dog, which took prizes at Charles- 

 ton and Quebec, has come to an iguoble end by being run over 

 by a truck in Detroit. 



Lunatics at the Dog Snow. — A novel feature of the Bos- 

 ton Dog 8how was the visit, on Friday, of the patients of the 

 South Boston Lunatic Asylum. 



A Dog's Stratagem. — The Sunday Mercury tells this 

 story : 



A gentleman iu Westchester county is the fortunate owner 

 of two dogs, one an honest Newfoundlander, and the other a 

 little black-and-tan terrier. One cold night last winter, a 

 friend who happened to be at tha gentleman's house, heard 

 the little dog barking at a furious rate, and inquired the cause. 

 "I'll tell yon," said the gentleman; "both dogs occupy one 

 house, and tbe big dog, on the principle that might makes 

 right, takes the inside. But here's a piece of canine strategy. 

 The little fellow runs into the yard and barks and barks, till 

 the. big fellow comes out to see what's the matter, when the 

 black-and-tan takes the opportunity to slip into the kennel, 

 and so secure the snug inside berth. Strange to say, as often 

 as this trick has been played on the big dog, he seems to grow 

 no wiser, but is sold every time." 



Shooting a Hunter's Dog. — A case of interest to hunters 

 and owners of country property was recently tried in Marin 

 county, California. An employe of Claude Callot, of Ross 

 Landing, went out hunting, taking Callot's dog, a valuable 

 pointer, with him. The dog raised a fox and chased it upon 

 the land of William Geoppart, who got his gun and went in 

 the direction of the dog and fox. The employe heard the re- 

 port of a gun, and shortly afterward the dog came home 

 wounded in the legs. Callot thereupon had Geoppart arrest- 

 ed for malicious mischief in shooting the dog. The charge 

 being proved before Justice Hughes, of San Rafael, the latter 

 found the defendant guilty, and fined him $1 and costs. Cal- 

 lot then brought a civil suit against Geoppart for the value of 

 the dog, which he fixed at $299.99. The case was tried one 

 day last week, and judgment rendered in favor of the owner 

 of the dog for $250. The case will be appealed to the higher 

 courts. 



[We are glad to see the ball rolling in the right direction at 

 last.— Ed.] 



Name Claimed. — I claim the name of Gypsey for my liver 

 and white cocker bitch, by M. P. McKoon's Captain, out of 

 his Bess, whelped July 12, 1877. D. M. Sharpnack. 



Petroleum, West Va., Sep. 1. 



CANINE THERAPEUTICS AND PA- 

 THOLOGY— Seventh Paper. 



CLASSIFICATION is highly advantageous as affording 

 the opportunity of presenting in one view, and in com- 

 paratively few words, all the common properties and uses of 

 any number of remedies ; so tbat, in the subsequent descrip- 

 tion of them severally, that which is not peculiar to each may 

 be omitted, and thus spare a vast amount of repetition. And 

 it is essential as by fixing in the mind tne properties of classes, 

 and thus serving to recall these properties in relation to any 

 individual article, simply by the remembrance of the class to 

 which it belongs ; it aids memory, and enables one to gather 

 and retain an amount of knowledge which would be quite un- 

 attainable were remedies taken up and each completely ana- 

 lyzed by itself. 



Every mode of classification is open to criticism in one or 

 more of its details, but that of Wood seems to combine the 

 greatest number of most desirable qualities, and for that reason 

 has been selected. 



Remedies are classified by this author first as systemic and 

 non-systemic. To say that the former comprises those that act 

 directly upon the system, and the latter those which act indi- 

 rectly or upon extraneous bodies contained within the system, 

 will be sulheient explanation. The first embraces the great 

 body of remedies ; the second but four small classes, which 

 are reta'med merely for practical convenience, as it is desirable 



that the substances composing them be associated together in 

 the memory. 



Systemic remedies are either general or local. 



1. General Remedies may be considered as those which 

 extend their action throughout the whole living system ; or, 

 operating upon one or more of the functions— as the circula- 

 tory or nervous systems— make themselves felt throughout the 

 whole body, though not strictly universal in their dual influ- 

 ence. Such are necessarily either Stimulant, Sedative or Al- 

 terative j that is, either elevate, depress or alter the systemic 

 actions. 



Stimulants. — If the operation of stimulants be closely ob- 

 served, it Avill be noticed that some are slow, moderate and 

 lasting ; others, on the contrary, are quick, energetic and pro- 

 portionately brief in their action ; the two sets, however, run 

 together by almost insensible gradations. This difference of 

 operation was made, by Dr. Murray, of Edinburgh, the basis of 

 a division of general stimulants into two sets, which he desig- 

 nated respectively as permanent and difflusible stimulants. 



Permanent stimulants are of two classes, viz. : Tonics, or 

 medicines characterized by their general stimulating influence 

 over the functions, operating slowly, moderately and some- 

 what durably, either directly through the circulation or, sec- 

 ondarily, through the digestive function. Astringents — medi- 

 cines which produce contraction of living tissues. 



Diffusible stimulants are also of two classes. 



1. Arterial, or those that increase the action of the heart 

 and arteries, and along with this effect— and probably conse- 

 quent upon it— causing an elevation of the animal tempera- 

 ture. 2. Cerebrospinal Stimulants. These are of three 

 kinds : a. Nervous Stimulants, characterized by a special but 

 equable influence over the nervous system, generally stimulat- 

 ing in some degree — though not necessarily — the circulation 

 also. They are more generally known as Antispasmodics or 

 Nervines, by which names they will be called hereafter. 

 b. Cerebrce Stimulants, with more or less influence on the cir- 

 culation—sometimes powerful— and are peculiarly character- 

 tized by their control over the special cerebral functions. They 

 embrace some of the most energetic articles of the materia 

 medica, as alcohol and opium. We shall have occasion to re- 

 fer to these under the title of stimulant narcotics, c. Sjrinal 

 stimulants acting specially, so far as their operation is known, 

 on the reflex motor functions. 



Sedatives. — These are remedies which directly depress the 

 vital functions. While a few operate universally, as cold and 

 water, most of them, like stimulants, act exclusively or espec- 

 ially on one of the two great systems, the circulatory, namely, 

 and the nervous ; hence we have : 



1. Arterial sedatives, which act mainly, if not exclusively, 

 in then primary influence, upon the heart and arteries, without 

 any direct effect on the cerebro-spinal functions. They are 

 also called refrigerants, as reduction of temperature is among 

 the results of circulatory depression. 



2. Cerebrospinal Sedatives; which may be advantageously 

 divided into: a. Nervous Sedatives, or those that reduce 

 generally the nervous functions, without any special 

 reference to the brain. They uniformly, either by a conjoint 

 primary action, or, secondarily, through their influence upon 

 the nerves, reduce the force of the circulation also. These 

 will be frequently spoken of as Sedative Narcotics. 8. Cere- 

 bral Sedatives — remedies which, while they depress the cir- 

 culation either primarily or secondarily, exert a special and 

 marked influence, of a sedative character, on the cerebral 

 functions. Like the preceding class, they w r ould rank with 

 medicines usually known as sedative narcoctics. 



Alteratives. — Alteratives are medicines which insensibly 

 change the functions or organization, without necessarily ele- 

 vating or depressing vital actions, and the influence of wbicb 

 is mainly recognized by their eff ect in disease. They may be 

 stimulant or sedative, and may produce various local effects 

 which would rank them in other classes; but it is not through 

 these that special curative effects are produced which entitle 

 them to the name by which they are distinguished. Knowing 

 so little of their mode of action, we are not possessed of suf- 

 ficient grounds for subdividing them. Perhaps a simpler defini- 

 tion of alteratives would be, medicines which modify the nu- 

 trition of the body without producing any antecedent phenom- 

 ena. 



II. Local Remedies, or those that act indirectly, or upon 

 some special part or organ. We do not include in this section 

 —in reference, at least, to their peculiar and characteristic 

 properties — the general remedies which may sometimes be 

 made to act locally by confining them to a particular part, as 

 opium, for example, and belladonna, both of which are some^- 

 times applied to the surface with the view of affecting exclu- 

 sively the neighborhood of their application. The section 

 includes only medicines which either have a special direction 

 to some particular organ or part of the body, to whatever 

 portion of it they may be applied, or which, if possessed of 

 general powers, are employed locally for some effect different 

 from the general ; as, for instance, cantharides, as used for 

 blistering purposes, which effect is not incident to its internal 

 use as a medicine. 



With few exceptions, all the local remedies are more or less 

 stimulant ; and the possession, therefore, of this property or 

 that of depression, does not constitute a sufficient ground of 

 distinction between them. Consequently, we seek other 

 classification, and hence are most conveniently arranged ac- 

 cording as they are employed to affect the functions, or 

 change the organization, or to act merely as mechanical 



Local Jtemedies— Acting on the Functions.— The subdivi- 

 sions of these are all ultimate classes of medicines, and are as 

 follows : 



1. Emetic*, which operate on the stomach, producing vomit- 

 ing ; 2. Cathartics, which operate on the bowels, producing 

 evacuation per anum ; 3. Diuretics, which act on the kid- 

 neys, increasing the secretion of mine; 4. Diaphoretics, 

 which act on the skin, causing or increasing perspiration ; 5. 

 Expectorants, which act on the lungs causing expectoration ; 

 6. Cholagogues, which act on the liver, increasing the secre- 

 tion of bile ; 7. Knieuagogues, which act on the uterus, ex- 

 citing or increasing its secretions ; 8. Uterine-Motor Stimu- 

 lants, which favor uterine contraction ; 9. Sialagogum, 

 which increase the secretion of saliva ; and, 10. Errhiri.es or 

 Sternutatories, -which operate on the nostrils, causing an in- 

 creased secretion and sneezing. 



Local Remedies Affecting the Organisation. — The sub- 

 divisions of these are also ultimate classes, and are as fol- 

 lows: 



1. Rubefacients, inflaming the skin; 2. Epispastics, pro- 

 ducing blisters : and, 3. Escharot/cs, destroying the life of a 

 part and producing a slough. 



Local Remedies Acting Mechanically.— -These include, besides 

 the. various mechanical influences hereafter to be mentioned, 

 the following classes of medicines: 



1. Demulcents, bland, viscid liquids, which cover surfaces 

 and protect them from irritation, or mingled with acrid 

 substances obtund their acrimony ; 2. Emollients, which 

 soften and relax ; s. DUutents, which dilute the fluids of 

 the body ; and, 4. Protective*, which operate by covering the 

 surface and preventing the contact of air. 



Of the ultimate classes which compose the Non- Systemic 

 Remedies, we have 



1. Antacids, which neutralize acids in the stomach, or else- 

 where in the system; 2. Absorbents, which by absorbing acrid or 

 irritating matters, prevent or diminish their irritant action ; 

 3. Solvents, which effect the solution in the stomach of sub- 

 stances otherwise insoluble ; and, 4. Anthelmintics, which 

 cause tne expulsion of worms from the bowels. 



The following is a tabular view of the foregoing classification, 

 the idtimate classes being i n italics, 

 SYSTEMIC REMEDIES. 

 General Remedies, 

 Stimulants, 



Permanent Stimulants, 

 Astringents, 

 Tonics, ., 



Diffusible Stimulants, 



Arterial Stimulants. 

 Ccrebro-nervous Stimulants, ' 



Cerebral stimulants, or Stimulant narcotics, 

 Spinal Stimulants. 

 Sedatives, 



Arterial Sedatives, or Refrigerants. 

 Corebro-nervous Sedatives, 



Alteratives. 

 Local Remedies, 



Affecting the Functions. 

 MmeUcs, 



Cathartics, 



Diuretics, 



Diaphoretics, 



Expectorants, 



Cholagogues, 



Emmenagogues, 



Uterine Motor-stimulants, 



Evrhines. 

 Affecting the Organization. 



Rabefa.ci.ents, 



Esaharotics. 

 Operating Mechanically. 



Demulcents, 



Emollients, 



DUutents, 



Protectives. 

 Non-Systemic Remedies. 



Antacids, 



Absorbents. 



Solvents, 



Antlielmintics. 

 No apology seems necessaryfor drawing upon a well-known 

 author for the material of this section, or even for adapting his 

 language to teach the desired system. It is as near perfect as 

 the present state of our knowledge permits, perhaps, though 

 not entirely original with Dr. Wood. 



The attention of the reader is particularly requested to a 

 few considerations, which are necessary to a proper understand- 

 ing of this arrangement. The remedies named in the several 

 classes, while they agree in the possession of the peculiar pro- 

 perty which characterizes the class, often differ much in other 

 respects, and in many instances are applicable to veiy differ- 

 ent purposes. They are classified so far as possible according 

 to their most distinctive property, or that for which they are 

 most valuable therapeutically, and then, in the discription of 

 each remedy, all its other remedial properties and applications 

 are noted, so that its individual character may be well under- 

 stood. 



Again, it happens, not unfrequently, that a [remedy belong- 

 ing to one class, has additional pow T ers which serve to rank it 

 in another. In such cases, it is considered in both, being 

 treated of at large in that with which its most important thera- 

 peutic character would rank it, and in the other, only so far 

 as may concern its categorical position. In therapeutics it is 

 not any particular medicinal substance or remedial agent that 

 we have in our minds, but the condition of disease calling for 

 certain remedial influences; and it is important that our knowl- 

 edge should be so arranged in the memory as most readily to 

 suggest the particular medicine that may be best calculated to 

 exert this influence. This object is certainly better attained by 

 ranking all the remedies together calculated to meet each in- 

 dication, and to have them associated in our mind, than by 

 having the whole character of each body, in all its different 

 relations and applications, impressed upon us atone exclusive 

 view. Thus it will be more useful, practically, when we have 

 occasion for an arterial sedative, emetic, expecto%nt or dia- 

 phoretic, to have tartar emetic associated with each of these 

 classes in our recollection, ihan to know it only as a prepara- 

 tion of antimony having a great diversity of properties, and 

 thus be compelled to think over it, along, perhaps, with a num- 



