FOREST AND STREAM. 



389 



^paz" 



Jf?26 



fasting and Routing* 



HIGH WATER FOE THE WEEK. 



Oate. - 



Boston. 



New York. 



Charleston 



Dec. 21 



H. M. 



11 56 



22 



1 10 



2 00 



2 52 



3 45 

 •1 41 



H. M. 

 3 36 

 9 31 



10 2T 



11 23 

 Mid 



40 



1 36 



H. M. 

 8 13 



Deo. 22 



Deo. 23 



Deo. 24 



9 01 

 9 50 



10 39 



Dec. 25 



11 2T 



Deo. 26 



Mid 



Dec. 27. 



43 







BOAT AND YACHT BUILD- 

 ING. 



BY HATJTICTTS. 

 THE BUILDING OF THE BOAT. 



The construction drawings are copied or laid 

 off on a floor to the full size of the proposed 

 boat. Larger and longer battens are used, and 

 the lines triced up as described in the article on 

 the construction drawings. The mode of work- 

 ing is the same for all full modelled vessels, 

 from a row-boat to a ship, the only difference 

 being that due to size. After the floor drawings 

 are completed, a mould-board is cut for each 

 pair of ribs and nailed to the floor. The man- 

 ner of cutting the mould-board is explained 

 in diagram No. 24. The outside curved 

 line represents the outside of the cross sec- 

 tion on the body plan ; the space from A to B 

 represents the thickness of the planking, and 

 tho space from B to O represents the thickness 

 of the rib. The mould-board is cut enough 

 smaller than the cross section outline on the 

 body plan to allow for the thickness of the rib 

 and planning. The mould-board is indicated on 

 the diagram by the curved line C and the dotted 

 line. Kibs*for a boat sixteen or seventeen feet 

 long and four feet wide may be placed a foot 

 apart. The lengths of the ribs are found from 

 the body plan. Saw them out of white oak, one- 

 half or rive-eighths of an inch thick, and let them 

 all be three-fourths of an inch wide, with square 

 edges. The ribs for one side of the boat are 

 steamed in the steam-box and bent closely to 

 the moulds, fastening them by blooks and nails, 

 and after remaining on the moulds a day or so, 

 are removed, a stay-lath being nailed across rhe 

 curve to prevent them from springing, as shown 

 on diagram No. 25. The ribs for the other side 

 of the boat are now bent on the mould and un- 

 dergo similar treatment. The ribs are now 

 bevelled on both edges j the bevels are greatest 

 at the gunwale end of ribs and Idiminish to 

 nothing at the Keel. The intersections of the 

 different water lines with the cross sections on 

 the half breadth plan, show the bevels required 

 for each pair of ribs. The bevels of each rib of 

 a pair are the same in angle, but are opposed to 

 one another, forming " rights and lefts) . " Dia- 

 gram No. 26 will make the matter plain . After 

 beveling, tho stay-laths are again fastened across 

 the curve of the ribs, and the length of the ribs 

 marked by laying them on the body plan and 

 marking the endings on gunwale and keel. 

 Each pair of ribs is connected at the bottom by 

 an angle piece called a "bottom," fastened to 

 the lower ends of the ribs by two small nails in 

 each rib. 



The angles to cut the bottoms are found from 

 the body plan. Diagram No.C, in the paper on the 

 ship-jack model, shows the bottom and its con- 

 nection with theribs and keeL The mode of form- 

 ing the stem-keel and stern deadwood are also 

 described in the same paper, diagrams Nos. 7, 8, 

 9, 10 and 11. The bevels for the stem, and for 

 the grooves in the same, are found from the 

 half breadth plan, the intersections of the water 

 lines, with the half thickness of the stem squared 

 down, giving the bevels for one side, the bevels 



for the other side being the reverse of those 

 taken from the drawing. The manner of cut- 

 ting the grooves in the stern deadwood, also the 

 bevelings of the keel and mode of joining the 

 several parts, are all clearly explained in the 

 paper on the ship-j ack model. The frameB that 

 fasten on the stern deadwood are joined as re- 

 presented in diagram No. 27. Set up the stem, 

 stem and keel on a stocks, as before described, 

 adjust the stem and stern until they stand verti- 

 cal by a plumb line, and stay-lath securely in 

 place; also fasten the stocks securely to the 

 floor. Connect the top ends of each pair of ribs 

 — technically called a frame — by a stay-lath, 

 placing the ribs the proper distance apart at the 

 upper ends. The measurements are obtained 

 from the half breadth plan, and are twice the 

 width of the sections on the gunwale, minus the 

 double thickness of the planking ; the frames 

 are stay-lathed this distance apart, measuring 

 from outside to outside. Make a mark in the 

 centre of the stay-lath to correspond with the 

 base line of the half breadth plan, and as a guide 

 in squaring up the frame. All the frames are 

 prepared in like manner and fastened to their 

 places on the keel by a small bolt or rivet 

 through the bottom and keel. The frames arc 

 stay-lathed in such a manner that a line drawn 

 from the centre of the stem to the centre of the 

 stern post will be vertically over the centre of 

 all the different frames. If there is a beam over 

 head, stay-lath the frames to it, or to the ceiling 

 of the work-shop. If no such conveniences are 

 at hand, a stiff plank can be fastened between 

 the stem and stern-post, above the keel, to which 

 the frames can be fastened. The dimensions of 

 the principal timbers for a sixteen-feet boat 

 may be as follows : Keel, one and one-quarter or 

 one and one-half inch thick, by two inches or 

 more deep ; stem deadwood, of the width and 

 shape shown on the sheer plan, and as thick as 

 the keel along the groove line, its outer edge at 

 the stern planed down thinner. The stem varies 

 so much in its different parts that no particular 

 size can be given. It should be about four- 

 eightns of an mch thick at its forward edge on 

 top, and less at the bottom. The planking laps 

 on it at least one and one-half inch, and from 

 groove at top of stem to forward edge of stern 

 should be one and one-half or two inches. 



Measurements from the floor drawings will 

 give exact dimensions for every part. Stern- 



board, three-fourths of an inch thick. The 

 wood for all parts of the frame should be white 

 oak, and all sap wood rejected. Nails and rivets 

 are beat of copper ; galvanized iron will answer 

 —but for a small boat the difference in price iB 

 not a great matter. Boards for planking— cedar, 

 one-half inch thick, and long enough to reach 

 from end to end without joints. White pine 

 makes a very good planking, and, when cheap- 

 ness is an object, may be used. Tn selecting 

 cedar for planking, be careful to get stuff as 

 free from knots as possible. Diagram No. 28 

 shows the manner in which the planking iB cut 



and bent to the frameB. In this diagram the 

 planks are all shown as of an equal width. It 

 is customary to make the planks next to the gar- 

 board strake— called broad strakes — wider than 

 the others ; but it will be easier for the tyro to 

 make them all of about the Bamo width, as shown 

 on the diagram. 



To mark the planking on the body plan or on 

 the ribs, divide the distance along each rib into 

 a number of equal parts, corresponding to the 

 number of planks it is proposed to place on 

 each side. As the length of the ribs are differ- 

 ent, the planks will be widest at the middle of 

 of the boat and narrow toward each end. The 

 planks are also more or less curved. The first 

 planks to fasten in place are the upper strakes 

 along the gunwale. To determine their shape, 

 procure a batten as long as the boat, six to eight 

 inches wide and one-fourth of an inch thick. 

 Place the batten on the upper edge of the ribs, 

 and clamp it from one end of the boat to the 

 other. The batten is now in position to have the 

 markings on the tipper ends of the ribs, denot- 

 ing the gunwale of the boat, and the markings 

 which determine the width of the upper strake, 

 transferred to it. Unclamp the batten and lay 

 it on the board selected for an upper strake ; 

 prick through the marks on the batten with a 

 brad-awl ; remove the batten and the marks will 

 be found transferred to the plank ; connect the 

 different points by a suitable batten and the up- 

 per strake will be shaped in outline ready for cut- 

 ting to shape. After the first upper strake is 

 completed, it is used as a pattern to cut the 

 strake for the other side of the boat. The ends 

 of the upper strakes are now cut to fit the groove 

 in the stem and nailed to their places on the 

 boat. The gunwale is row formed by sawing 

 off the projecting ends of the ribs to an angle 

 of about forty-five degrees, and fitting and se- 

 curing the rails in place, as directed in the pa- 

 per on the ship-jack model. Dimensions of rails, 

 one or one and one-quarter inch by three-fourths 

 of an inch. The ends of the rails at the stem 

 are tapered down to one-half or five-eighths of an 

 inch wide. Diagram No. 29 shows the connec- 

 tions of the rail with the stem, and diagram No. 

 30 the connection of the rails with the stem. 

 The stay-laths are now removed from the boat, 

 the frame detached from the stocks and inverted 

 on benches, and the planking put on in the fol- 

 lowing manner: First, the planks next to the 

 upper strakes ; secondly, the planks next to the 

 keel, technically called the garboard strakes ; 

 thon the planks next to the garboard strakes, 

 called the broad strakes ; and lastly, the strake 

 along the bilge — or greatest curvature in the ribs 

 —called the shutter strake. Suggestion s as to 

 ceiling, seats or thwarts, row-locks, etc., have 

 been given in previous articles. The boat draw- 

 ings with this article are for a boat with a different 

 midship section than the one already published, 

 and are for a boat sixteen feet long and four feet 

 wide. It can be made larger or smaller as the 

 builder may require, but for general use the size 

 given will be found the most useful. The model 

 here given will carry more load, and will make a 

 much stiffer boat than the model given with the 

 paper on drawing. Either will make a good and 

 easy rowing boat A sail maybe used of sixty 

 to seventy square feet area. 



§ztwt[al gdztimes. 



Fox Hunting.— The" Queen's County hunt 

 met Baturday at New Cassol Wood. The large 

 attendance, including all thef amiliar faces, spoke 

 well for the undiminished interest in the sport. 

 Tho run, fir3t to the northeast and then to tho 

 eastward, was thence at a rattling pace across 

 the plain toward the kennel at East Meadow. 

 Then the farming lands with stiff posts and rails 

 tailed the field out considerably, leaving the loss 

 courageous in the rear. When, however, the 

 pack started for the cedara in the direction of 



Merrick the field was well together again, with 

 twenty or thirty in full view of the hounds 

 through the cover, thence into the open space of 

 the Hempstead plains, and away over the farms 

 and fences they flew, when reynard, turning to 

 the northeast, made straight for Hicksville. 

 Then wheeling, the run was over the plain to- 

 ward the Island of Trees ; and in the open two 

 miles to the west of Farmingham the fox waB 

 killed. One of the ladies was among the first, 

 and the pads were awarded lo strangers. Tho 

 run of about seven miles and one-half was gone 

 over in lees than fifty minutes. 



The Montclair Equestrian Club, in which 

 are enrolled forty-six members, had a very suc- 

 cessful run last Saturday, although as the har- 

 riers had not yet arrived from England, it was 

 necessarily a drag hunt. The laurel wreath, 

 which for the nonce took the place of the brush, 

 was awarded to Miss N. Thompson. 



New Yobk Athleti$ Club. — The First Annual 

 Winter Meeting, open to amateurs, will be held 

 on the evenings of Friday and Saturday, January 

 4th and 5th, 1878, at Gilmore's Garden (formerly 

 Barnum's Hippodrome). The programme will 

 be as follows, unless circumstances demand a 

 change : 



First evening— 1. Sparring, light weight, 135 

 lbs. and under. 2. Sparring, heavy weight, 158 

 lbs. and over. 3. 75 Yards run, handicap, 1st 

 trials. 4. Mile walk, open to those who have 

 never beaten 8:30. 5. Tug of war (10 men on 

 each team), trials. G. One mile run, handicap. 

 7. One lap hurdle race, handicap, trials, 10 bush 

 hurdles, 3 feeto 8. 75 yards run, handicap. 2d 

 trials. 9. One mile walk (special). 10. 440 

 yards run, handicap, trials. 11. One lap hurdle 

 race, final. 12. Tug of war, final. 



Second evening — 1 . Sparring, middle woight, 

 over 135 lbs. and under 158 lbs. 2. Fencing. 

 3. 75 yards run, handicap, final. 4. Two mile 

 walk, handicap. 5. 75 yards hurdle race, handi- 

 cap, trials; 7 bush hurdles, 3 feet. 6. 440 yards 

 run, handicap, final. 7. International tug of 

 war (professionals), trials. 8. 75 yards hurdle 

 race, final. 9. One-half mile run, handicap. 10. 

 75 yards run (special). 11. International tug of 

 war, final. 



No communication will receive attention unless 

 addressed to the Club Box ; and all persons are 

 particularly requested not to call upon the offi- 

 cers of the Club at their places of business. 



For all particulars address Alfred H. Curtis, 

 Secretary, P. O. Box 3101, New York. 



Athletic Cluk Officers.— The American Ath- 

 letic Club, of this city, which has hitherto had 

 only a temporary organization, has effected a 

 permanent one by electing the following officers : 

 President, John Gath; Vice-President, B. Loth; 

 Secretary, S. W. Hoag, Jr.; Treasurer, Frank 

 C. Lowry ; Board of Management, G. Van Tam- 

 bocht, W. C. Benme, E. W. Burnett, M. D. 



Foot Ball.— The Brooklyn Polytechnic Insti- 

 tute and the New York College teams. The 

 game which was sufficiently interesting developed 

 no very friendly spirit between the players. 

 The Polytechnic team secured one touchdown. 

 The teams were : 



Polytechnic. — Hough, Ely, Laidlaw, Atkinson, 

 Black, Field, Osborne, Murray, Jenkins, Ladd, 

 W. Field. 



New York College.— S. Ormsby, C. Ormsby, E. 

 Bunzl, Fabrigo, Fridenberg, Kayner, Biddlan, 

 Byer, O. Bunzl, Wagster, Langbein. 



On the Godbout Eivbe, — We copy from 

 the London Field the following very graphic 

 account of salmon fishing on one of the very 

 best rivers in Canada. We do not have to 

 send to London for all such clever descriptions 

 of American sport by any means, for our own 

 Dawson, Wilkinson, Warren, Venning, Ward, 

 and a dozen others have already embellished 

 the columns of Pobest axd Stream -with 

 brochures equally piquant and truthful. Never- 

 theless, we care not to omit helping ourselves 

 from foreign store when such rare opportu- 

 nities offer as this. The information given has 

 of itself an intrinsic value which our own 

 anglers may profit by, if they choose : 



" Prostrated by the heat as the long summer 

 days drag on, what so powerful a pick-me-up 

 as a week amongst the salmon ? The morn- 

 ing was lovely when the tight little yacht 

 Cruiser, eighty tois register, with a party 

 of fishermen on board, left Quebec for the 

 Godbout, drawing but five feet of water, as 

 she steamed from the wharf and tumbled 

 about the St. Lawrence (agitated by the meet- 

 ing of the tide and stream), doubts, soon to be 

 discarded, arose as to her behavior when she 

 should encounter the big waves ■ of the Gulf, 

 several hundred miles below. 



'"With fair wind and tide, doing her thirteen 

 knots an hour quietly as a sail boat, past the 

 Island of Orleans, the garden of Quebec, skirt- 

 ing the bold north shore (the home of "'moose, 

 caribou and bear), Grosse Isle, of quarantine 

 fame, Crane Island (where sportsmen, from 

 early morning until sundown, hunt wild fowl 

 with varied success) ; past timber-laden ships 

 bound seaward, and vessels working up against 

 wind and tide, our little craft, her first day's 

 work accomplished, crept' safely as night drew 

 ou, along the wharf at Riviere du Loup. 



A stiff north-wester blew next day, and as 

 we bowled along in the trough of the sea, 

 broadside to the waves, oar commodore's ad- 

 miring exclamation of j'esterday, " She can't 

 capsize," was changed to resigned assurance 

 that she'd certainly go over ; but she didn't 



