

FOREST AJNJJ S-TKEAM. 



43! 



incidence connected with this variety is its teudeu- 



produee a second light crop of fruit. The panic is the 



kind known as Prolific Hautbois, also what is 



J still more interesting, the Black Prince, in the damper and 



climate r.f Britain, is hermaphrodite, while here, so 



it is frequently female 1 with abor- 



and requires the aid of pollen from another vari- 



I ety to fertilize its incipient fruit. This difference maybe 



ii ited for by the above explanation, viz., that the taint of 

 the JIautbois lias lain dormant, so far as the reproductive or- 

 pj gans ha der original influences, but the difference of 



»l climate, etc., has eliminated and brought out these latent pro- 

 Jperties in an abnormal degree. 1. do not know the history 

 , J of the recently introduced variety, Black Defiance, but sus- 

 Ipect that some trifle of this constitutional peculiarity is in- 

 -jheritcd by it. I only surmise this, however, from its tendency 

 i| toward the qualities here spoken of. 



FeaGAria Collina. — This species is a native of the moun- 

 tains of Europe, and constitutes what is known as the Alpine 

 Glass. The habit of plant is dwarf, approaching to prostrate, 

 producing an abundance of runners; leaflets small, oval, 

 sharply serrate; fruit small, conical, bright red or amber 

 white in the several varieties ; seeds very prominent ; flavor 

 id, somewhat tame. Fragaria collina retains its nor- 

 mal characters under cultivation, and is less prone to run into 

 varieties than any other one of the genus— so much so that 

 we have no reliable evidence of its having influenced any of 

 almost endless variety produced from other sources. 

 Even within its own sphere there are only some four, or per- 

 haps five, distinct kinds, although any amount of synonyms 

 ..villi " high fallutin " names are reckoned on, particularly so 

 imongst the cultivators on the continent of Europe. These 

 varieties are .the Red and WJdte Alpins, knowu in Prance as 

 Ipes de Quatre Saisons a fruit rouge, and Pes Alpes de 

 ?. Saisons a fruit blame, and the Red and White Rush 

 ■ •, the two latter having the peculiar property of never 

 icing any runners, but in every other respect identical 

 J with the first mentioned. This, however, is sufficient to con- 

 them as distinct varieties of the same species, and so we 

 Keave them. A peculiarity of this species is itslong continued 

 I jlossoniintr and bearing of fruit, the which lasts from June to 

 November in our latitude, hence the French epithet Quatre 

 Saisons, or four seasons. It is on account of this quality that 

 my of the varieties are worthy of cultivation, but it is suffi- 

 cient to give them a place in any collection where a continua- 

 tion of the strawberry season is desired. 



A class of everbearing strawberries has long been a desidera- 

 tum. We have repeatedly had it heralded that such an ac- 

 quisition had been obtained, but, so far, the pretension has 

 only ended in disappointment and proved to be nothing more 

 than one of the varieties of this species which some ignorant 

 enthusiast, or, worse, still, some contemptible rogue, has tried 

 to foist, upon the credulous public. It is possible, however, 

 that this desirable goal may be arrived at, notwithstanding 

 the fixedness of character here inherited, if some intelligent 

 and persistent, operator would, through a series of generations, 

 persevere in fertilizing this class with some good variety 

 which has a tendency to more than usual long continued 

 bearing, or, at times, "shows a disposition to produce, in a 

 natural way, a light second crop. I wouldhere hint the black 

 defiance would lie a very likely one to practice with, as it is 

 occasionally inclined in this manner. If this could be accomp- 

 lished the quality of the insipid alpine would be improved 

 and the long continued bearing probably retained. Without 

 the assistance of another kind the alpine may be improved by 

 Bowing, from year to year, seeds of the berries, the which, 

 however, will retain the character of the parent. 



If we examine into the fixedness of organism as found in 

 this species it appears very singular compared with the readi- 

 ness of the others to fertilize with each other; but when we come 

 to search closely into all the details and mode of growth, it 

 it will be seen that although this is what may be called a true 

 strawberry there is nevertheless an approach toward an 

 allied genus of fixed character, viz.: PotefotU&t, flmd, conse- 

 quently, Fragaria collina in connection with F. indim and 

 palibarda fragarioides (Mich.), both of which produce dry 

 and hard fruit, may be considered as one of the almost 

 imperceptible links in creation which are universal. 



A recapitulation of the above arguments will stand thus : 



The so named Scarlet Class has originated from Fragaria 

 virginana directly ; excepting in a few varieties, perhaps, 

 there may be a slight taint of F. vesca*. 



The most popular and best quality of Europe, known as 

 WiiUs, Pines or Carolina* have proceeded main] y from Fra- 

 garia. chiloemis with some mixture of F. 'vescamd, possibly, a 

 trifle, in a few of the varieties of F. elatior and F. grand/', flora. 



Our American large, fine, and now excellent Prize Glass has 

 been produced from the Bub-species Fragaria lo-waensis in con- 

 nection with the European kinds, and consequently iu this in- 

 direct way the varieties contain a portion of V. chiloensis in 

 their structure. 



The highly scented Pine Apple class is direct, or nearly so, 

 !irom the Surinam species, Fragaria grandiflora. 



The Hautbois Class is direct from Fragem'a elatior, and 

 the Alpine Class absolutely from Fragaria collina. 



In presenting these few remarks 1 do not wish it, to be un- 

 derstood that every detail can be vouched for in its entirety, 

 but, from long experience and much investigation, I am con- 

 vinced that further search and inquiry by more competent, 

 authors will find the facts to agree iu the aggregate with this 

 record. 



West New Brighton, Staten Island. Wm. Guoklton. 



Pigeon Show.— The National Oolumbarian Hociety opens 

 its third annual exhibition of fancy pigeons on the 16th mst. 

 at the Aquarium. Extensive preparations have been made to 

 insure the success of the show, and there is every indication 

 that it will embrace a more valuable and extensive collection 

 than ever before. The society have offered a liberal list of 

 premiums, to which is added a special list by Messrs. Reiche 

 & Brother, the proprietors of the Aquarium, amounting to 

 $2,000. There are to be sixteen classes— Pouters, carriers, 

 barbs, short-faced tumblers, owls, trumpeters, fan-tails, tur- 

 bits, Jacobins, priests, swallows, nuns and Antwerps, Entries 

 may be addressed to the Secre tary of the Columbarian Society, 

 Mr, I. O. Thurston, Sing Sing, % Y. , or Mr. Lewis Burlin- 

 ganie, Cortlandt street, this city, and will close on the 11th 

 inst. 



> ■♦■ 



St JohH, N. R. Rising from its Ashe.-;.— A friend writing 

 from St. John, TN'cw Brunswick, says: - v This city is being- 

 rebuilt marvelously, and brick and graysfone will mainly, in 

 the business part of the city, take the place of wood ', The 



means have come from three sources : 1. Latent or reserved 

 capital of owners or else capital formerly employed in marine 

 risks lying idle in the recent depression in trade. 2. From 

 paid-up fire insurance. 8. From foreign sources on bonds 

 and mortgages. Tne large number of carpenters, liardstone 

 masons, bricklayers, etc., have come from Canada, Nova 

 Scotia, in part, but mainly arc skilled workmen from Boston, 

 Portland aud New York. Activity is everywhere manifested, 

 while the mild weather and entire absence of snow is en- 

 abling the work of renovating St. John to make a great show. 

 Whole streets are rebuilt with entire brick warehouses four 

 or five stories high, the result of the energy in their own 

 cause of the business men ; but the public buildings, which 

 must lie the work of the Dominion of Canada, have not yet 

 been commenced. 



—"Hey! Shine !" demanded an urchin of an astute 

 stranger who was passing, and he thrust out his box and 

 brush menacingly. "Hay! Shine!" mentally responded the 

 philosopher, in a sort of half soliloquy. " Yes, that's it, my 

 lad. Hay— Shine. Make hay while the sun shines. That's 

 right, sonny, you'll do," and he sauntered on, meditating 

 upon the wisdom of the street boys of New York. 



\h$ Hqtrnql 



1'0 Correspondents.— Those desiring us to prescribe tor tltelr doga 

 vvdU please take note of and describe the following points in each ani- 

 mal: 



1. Ago. ?,. Pood and medicine given. 3. Appearance of the eye; 

 ot l tic coat ; of Die tongue and lips. 4. Any changes in the appearance 

 of the body, as bloating, drawing in of the flanks, etc. 5. Breathing, 

 the number of respirations per minute, aud whether lahored or not. 

 (i. Condition or the bowels and secretions of the kidneys, color, etc. 7. 

 Appetite; regular, variable, etc. s. Temperature of the body as mdi 

 rated by the bulb of itie thermometer when placed between the body 

 and the Foreleg. 9. Sive position of kennel and surroundings, outlook, 

 contiguity to other buildings, and the uses of the latter. Also give any 

 peculiarities of temperament, movements, etc., that may be noticed 

 signs of suffering, etc. 



FOX-HUNTING IN NORTH CAROLINA. 



THE Roanoke is now falling. Its waters, however, still 

 cover the greater part of the low grounds. The des- 

 truction is immense. Not a fodder, oat or hay-stack left ! 

 Unfortunately I had gathered no corn, and cannot say what 

 loss I have sustained. I fear dogs and teams will feel it and 

 proclaim if the ensuiug year by their lean and hungry looks. 

 But I must make the most of it ; repining is no remedy, and 

 it is the philosophy of my teaching to be merry in adversity. 

 On Wednesday (Nov. 14) I carried my pack to Brodnax's 

 that, on the following morning, we might have an equal and 

 an early start. I rode a thoroughbred gelding, out of Sileck 

 by Stevens, and directed my servant to stand on au eminence 

 near Gaston with Lord Elgin as a relief. Brodnax was equal- 

 ly well prepared. He rode a thoroughbred mare, by Taxahin, 

 and held a well-bred gelding in reserve. The catching of the 

 old red was no trifling affair. He had too often baffled us 

 singly and united for us to underrate his powers, and we had 

 determined that this day should be honestly dedicated to him. 

 We were awake long before the thrice crowing of the cock, 

 and at day our breakfast had been made, horses saddled 

 and dogs fed. Thus early we set out and rode rapidly to Gib- 

 ler's Hill, the usual haunt of the old vixen. Leaning too near 

 to the low-grounds ws ran into a number of coons just as 

 Brodnax's ReJccut gave mouth half up the hill. Brodnax 

 hurried to the coon fight aud I to Rekcul, with a goodly num- 

 ber of the pack. The fox"was up and away. He (lew down 

 the Koauoke with a speed defying his pursuers. I followed 

 close upon the pack, keeping above the line of their run and 

 north of it. The fox kept down the Boanoke for some nine 

 miles, aud then abruptly turned back, making the same run 

 up as down the Roanoke. As soon as the sound of the pack 

 indicated the turn of the fox up stream, I halted near his go- 

 ing down track with the " peerless Vanity " and Aggy, by 

 some accident thrown out, to ride the leading dogs. The 

 sound approached nearer and nearer. 1 was just rightly 

 posted to see both fox and dogs. In an instant a negro hol- 

 lows: "Here goes the fox right to you." The pack was 

 right upon him. I apprehended confusion from Vanity and 

 Aggy. I hurried them to the pack with much earnestness 

 and approached diagonally the fox's run so as to secure a 

 united pack. All went well. Vanity and Aggy took the 

 batik end and ran it to the pack, then just emerging from 

 the head of a thick branch by which a plantation road passed. 

 This road the fox had jumped into ahead of the negro and 

 ran up, and it, was the same I induced Vanity and Aggy to 

 run back into the pack some hundred yards. But Vanity had 

 scarcely met the pack before she discovered her mistake, and 

 whirled back instantaneously, and almost flew. Six of Brod- 

 nax's dogs jumped into the road from the branch nearly si- 

 multaneously, his ReJccut, according to the calculation 

 or the moment, certainly four feet in advance. I had 

 only one with his six— liedbird, a yearling puppy. Vanity 

 and Aggy had corrected their mistake, which put them in ad- 

 vance some ten paces only. I looked to my right and the 

 great body of the pack bad crossed the road at the head of 

 the thick branch and were breasting the loading dogs, and in 

 a style wise and artistic. But, unfortunately for them, the 

 fox turned abruptly to the river, dowu a deep ravine, throw- 

 ing most of them clear out, and, the wind being adverse, my- 

 self out of hearing. But I knew my duty, and pushed for- 

 ward with increased speed. Seeing a negro I inquired if 

 he saw the fox and hounds. " Yes, yes, Mars'r Tom. They 

 were certainly chatting to that fox." "Did the fox under- 

 stand their language?" "Bless your soul, Mars'r Tom, he 

 surely did. He ran right up to me and didn't even look at 

 me. ' He was in too big a hurry." ".What colored dog came 

 ahead?" "Nar one was head; all was dare, seemed to me, 

 at once." I then put spurs again and soon regained lost time 



aud ground. This part of the run was witnessed only by my- 

 self. The other huntsmen had halted to do the riding at the 

 upper end. I, however, overtook most of them and pressed 

 for Lord Elgin, then in waiting for the upper race. I had, 

 however, barely saddled him before Brodnax's horn admon- 

 ished us that the race was over, and the old red fox had at 

 last been caught, and that, too, in only one hour, and forty 

 minutes. One of our party was stationed at Vincent's Hill. 

 1 heard him give a tremendous cheer as the pack passed him. 

 There Gen. Starke's Dolly wp ahead, and kept it entirely 

 across a stubble-field. Brodnax was still at Gobler's Hill 

 awaiting the return run. He took position to see the leaders. 

 My Rodman was there ahead, running like a scared cur, and 

 taking up the mill road, wrongfully drew off every dog, ex- 

 cept Vanity and Dolly, both too self-reliant to be diverted 

 from their course, crossed the road as the fox had 

 done. The pack, however, swung around to their 

 enchanting notes — treble and bass — and rather gained 

 ground than last. No one ever headed the pack after this or 

 even saw the first dogs, as all was over before time and occa- 

 sion allowed it. We all soon assembled to talk over the race, 

 which of course was done in jolly huntsmen's style. A little 

 negro boy seated on the top rail of a fence near by us, with 

 mouth open and eyes wider, hallooed out as Brodnax pitched 

 the fox down : " Dar now, dey done caught the old red." He 

 was an old red in all truth. We did not weigh him, but his 

 height was that of an average hound, say two feet, his teeth 

 much worn, head quite grey, tail perfect with a vety large 

 white end, legs black, hind feet white to near the hock, belly 

 blue as indigo and back red as ever red fox's was before. I 

 cut off and expressed to Col. Skinner, at the Forest asd 

 Stbeam office, the right hind foot, which I hope he received. 



T. G. T. 

 ,f — • 



STUDY DOGS' CHARACTERS. 



Algona, Kossuth Co., Iowa, Dec. 23, 187T. 

 Editor Forest and Stream : 



For twenty-five years I have been very much Interested in the breed- 

 ing and training of pointer and setter dogs, and have arrived at the 

 conclusion that most men who breed and train bunting dogs do not 

 make the business successful from the fact that they do not study their 

 dog3. They do not understand them. One man may have good stock 

 and yet. not breed good dogs for work, while another may have but a 

 common, or even quite poor stock aud yet he will raise fair dogs for the 

 field. One understands his business the other does not. In order to 

 breed good hunting dogs too much care cannot be taken in the selection 

 of the slut and dog. I would never breed from a slut, or never use a 

 dog that is, or ever was, in the least gun-shy. My breeders must love 

 the gun When they are young f want it to be natural for them to like 

 the sound of a gun, and not have to train them to it. Both slut and dog 

 must be good field workers. They must be good rangers'; staunch 

 when they find the game, and not continually making " false points." I 

 dislike a dog that is always pointing without any game, and would not 

 breed from one that was not sure In her points. Both slut and dog must 

 be good retrievers, able to fetch a goose or duck out of the worst 

 sloughs and always ready to go through ice and snow after wounded or 

 dead game. I would have the weight of the slut between fifty and sixty 

 pounds, weight of the dog over sixt j pounds if possible. They must be 

 good natural, not inclined to fight, yet able to protect themselves. 1 do 

 not think it makes any difference about the color of your dogs. That 

 may be left to a man's fancy* I prefer dark red dogs, as I.hunt in an 

 open country and shoot a great many wild geese and ducks. It is hard 

 to keep a white, or light colored dog from being seen by the game. 



Now, in regard to the breeding. You have a good slut and dog. 

 When the slut is ready to take the dog take them both out where there 

 is game. Hunt the slut till you find game ; that is if it does not take 

 over one half hour. Be sure and find game within that time if pos- 

 sible, so as not to tire the slut. Then take your siut in and hunt tne dog 

 the same length of time that you did the slut. After that the dog should 

 go to the slut at once. From that time till the slut lias pups hunt her a 

 little every day, but not more than ten minutes a day the last week be- 

 fore the pups come. Have her retrieve the birds shot over her in good 

 shape. The last time my slut was with pups I shot a.quail over her the 

 day before they came. Every one of those pups would stand and re- 

 trieve at two months of age, and were as fond of a gun as most old dogs. 



Now, about the training for the field. All I do the first year is to 

 house-break and teach them to carry and retrieve. Be careful that a 

 young pup does not mouth or mangle anything that he is retrieving. I 

 use a newspaper first, and after he carries that well take a dry wing. 

 When I am training a dog I never speak unless I want the dog to do 

 something. Continually talking to a dog will make a fool of him. He will 

 not know what you want htm to do. When the pup is a year old I take 

 him into the field with my oM dog (a great ranger and a very staunch ^) 

 dog). When the old dog comes to game I motion for Mm to down, when 

 I have the young dog come up and make his point. I do not allow him 

 to start the bird, but start him myself, and am careful that the dog does 

 not start at the same time. Slake him stand still. Do not shoot the 

 bird, but allow it to go away. I go through with the same work three 

 or four days till the young dog is very staunch and will stand on any 

 game birds. After that I am ready to kill a bird over the pup. Be sure 

 and kill the bird dead. Then let the pup retrieve it. After that I have 

 no trouble ; my pup is ready for work. I always allow my dogs to range 

 just as far as they will go. I think prairie chickens are the best birds 

 to train dogs on. A man cau always see his dog and know what he is 

 doing. My old dogs wilt stand just as well five hundred feet away as 

 within twenty, aud if the bird starts will drop and remain there til t 

 I make a motion for them to go on. J. Q. Smith. 



PRIZES AT THE ST. LOUIS BENCH 



SHOW. 



DIVISION 3— SPECIAL PRIZES. 



Class — BeHt brace of native setters of any strain, to be 

 owned bv exhibitor, a fine double breech-loading 

 gun, donated by Nichols & Lef ever $200 



Class —Best brace of English setters, imported or native, 

 owned by exhibitor, a fine double breech-loading 

 gun, donated by Parker Bros 175 



Class —Best brace of Irish setters, imported or native, 

 owned by exhibitor, a fine double breech-loading 

 gun (Greener's make), donated by Simmons Hard- 

 ware Co., of St. Louis 100 



Class — Best brace of Gordon or black and tan setters, im- 

 ported or native, owned by exhibitor, fine double ' 

 breech-loading gun, donated by itemington Arms 

 Co., through Brown & Hilder, St. Louis Agts 100 



Class —Best brace of pointers, any size, imported or native, 

 owned by exhibitor, a handsome oil painting, game 

 piece, painted and presented by the St. Louis ar- 

 tist, Miss Josie McKeilops. 150 



For the second best brace of pointers, any size, im- 

 ported or native, owned by exhibitor, a fine quality 

 velvet or corduroy Bhooting suit, to order of the 

 winner, made and donated by John V. Bletlaa-, St. 

 Louis 50 



Class —Best pointer dog or bitch, any size, imported or na- 

 tive, a rich silver tea service, donated by F. A. Dur- 

 gin, St Louis , 75 



