FOKEST AND STREAM. 



471 



the transplanting is delayed too long, from their weak growth 

 in winter, they are likely to he infested with all manlier of 

 insect pests, seldom hlooming till February or March, and 

 even then are" good for little hut to plant out of doors for 

 next season's growth, for which they are not nearly so well 

 suited as plants fresh from the green-house. Confining this 

 notice to winter Uooming plants it must necessarily be brief, 

 and will be arranged in the order we have found them do 

 best, and consequently give most satisfaction. 



Oltmese Primroses. — Time out of mind these lovely plants 

 have been the loved of all, either for the conservatory or 

 house. They can be raised from spring-sown seed, making 

 large plants by fall. They are constant and free bloomers, 

 arc never infested with insects, and stand the dry heat of a 

 living room as well as, if not better than, any plant we know 

 of. There are many varieties offered in the seedsmen's cata- 

 logue, but the. fringed varieties, red and white, and the fern- 

 leaved varieties of the same colors are the best and strongest 

 growers. 



Persian Cyclammg. — Neater and more attractive plants than 

 theae it would be difficult to find, the colors varying from 

 the deepest crimson to pure white ; they are often very 

 fragrant, and the flowers, which in a cool room will last in 

 beauty over thirty days, look like a rabbit with its ears up. 

 (A. lady whispers, "More like a shuttle-cock," and that she 

 has had the one plant with over fifty flowers open besides 

 buds on it at once for nearly three months.) This was in a 

 cool room, however. The leaves are also often beautifully 

 blotched and mottled. They are best planted out during 

 summer in a shady border, and potted in September, or as 

 soon as they show signs of starting into growth. Give all the 

 light possible and do not over-water, especially at first. 



Oxalises. — Some of the varieties of this charming class are 

 great favorites, blooming as they do all winter, and, owing 

 to their drooping habit, they are often used for hanging 

 baskets. The foliage is neat and clover-like, and some varie- 

 ties are beautifully cut, and marked or splashed with brown. 

 0. JUmbunda, both white and red, is seldom out of bloom 

 summer or winter ; 0. versicolor (the barber's pole) is lovely 

 in bud as well as when fully expanded ; the yellow variety, 

 0. cernim, is very fragrant and free-blooming ; 0. boioei is 

 more of a fall species, but lasts well into winter. Its flowers 

 are large, bright rose-colored, and it is altogether a splendid 

 variety. 0. rosea is also well worth growing for its neat habit 

 and large rose-colored flowers. 



Riehardia.— The Galla or Egyptian lily is one of the most 

 satisfactory, as well as beautiful, of house plants, and seems 

 to have a special attraction for lady cultivators. Plenty of 

 water and a rich soil, with an occasional watering with liquid 

 manure, and the Galla will he a joy all winter and spring. 

 Dry off during the summer, and, shaking off all the old soil, 

 replant in September in a rich, rather open compost, giving 

 water more freely as the plant gains in growth and strength. 

 The variegated species, R. alba maeulata, is only useful fol- 

 iate spring and summer cultivation. 



Azaleas. — We have just seen to-day, Jan. 12, a plant of A. 

 phmnicea, flowered by a lady in her sitting-room for three 

 years, that is as perfect in leaf and blossom as if raised in a 

 greenhouse by any of our most skillful florists. All the 

 large-leaved, strong-growing varieties, no matter what color, 

 or whether double or single, are good subjects for house cul- 

 ture. They should either be planted out or plunged in a 

 shady bordei during summer, and carefully syringed occa- 

 sionally with soapy water during hot weather to prevent the 

 red spider getting a foot-hold. 



Abutilons. — The various varieties of this lovely Chinese 

 bell-flower are all good house plants, though the stronger 

 growing varieties are perhaps too robust for ordinary cultiva- 

 tion. A. striatum, yellow, striped with red ; A. patersoni, 

 large, reddish crimson ; A. tlwmpsoni and A. vexillarium 

 variegatum, with their beautifully blotched and mottled 

 leaves. A. boule de neige is a very free blooming variety 

 while still young, and A. darwinii and A. darwinii tassellata, 

 newer sorts, are also very free bloomers, and will be sure to 

 give satisfaction to all who try them. 



Gypripedium Insigne — This most curious orchid, generally 

 known as Chinese lady's slipper, is an excellent plant for the 

 window garden. The soil should he coarse peat, loam and 

 charcoal, with lots of drainage. It should have plenty of 

 water while growing ; will do well in a shady, northern ex- 

 posure in summer, and if kept in a tolerably cool room, will 

 flower from December to April. 



(To be Continued.) 



. ■ » . . 



Plant Manure. — The following artificial manure is recom- 

 mended for plant culture by M. Jeannel, of Paris : 



Nitrate of ammonia 400 parts 



Biphosphate of ammonia 200 " 



Nitrate of potaaQ J 250 " 



Hydrocalorate ot ammonia 50 " 



Sulphate of lime 60 • ' 



Sulphate of iron 40 " 



Total 1,000 



M. Collardean reports, in the journal of the Horticultural 

 Society of France, that he employed this manure with great 

 advantage. He struck several cuttings of Pelargonium and 

 Fuchsia, and placed them all under the same conditions, ex- 

 cepting that while some were watered with the plain water, 

 others received, once a week only, a watering with 50 

 grammes of a solution containing four parts in 1,000 of the 

 saline mixture above detailed. The results are stated to have 

 been very satisfactory. 



■ «. m 



— Paris has 100,000 trees, each of which costs about $36. 

 They live about fifteen years. 



» ■»■ -. 



How to Save Cobn From Rats.— Mr. Peter Zehnder for 

 the past two years has salted a large portion of his corn in 

 the shuck when he housed it, and none of it was eaten by 

 rats, while that put up without salt was almost entirely des- 

 troyed. This is a simple remedy, and as the shuclrs when 

 salted are greedily eaten by cattle and horses, it is certainly 

 worth trying. — Tuscumbia North Alabamian. 

 . .»■ « 



CentbAx N. Y. Poultry Show.— The fourth annual ex- 

 hibition of tbe Central New York Poultry Show will be held 

 at the City^Hall, JJtica, Jan. 29 to Feb. 5. 



\}u ^ntu^l 



A Fine Selection of Pure-bred Fowls.— Sir. Leavltt, Whitestone 

 Ave., four blocks from Bridge 8t. depot, Flushing, L. I. (only twenty 

 minutes from Thirty-fourth St. ferry), has the finest selection (about 

 100) of pure Dublin imported bred fowls of twelve different varieties— 

 Partridge-cochins, S. S. Hamburgs, Dutchess, Black Spanish, etc., etc. 

 Price very low, $1. 50 to $5 each. Call at residence, Flushing, or at 10 

 Pine St., Office of Gerard Ins. Co.— [Adv. 



To Coebespokdknts.— Those desiring us to prescribe for their dogs 

 will please take note of and describe the following points in each ani- 

 mal: 



1. Age. 2. Food and medicine given. 3. Appearance of the eye ; 

 of the coat ; of the tongue and lips, 4. Any changes in the appearance 

 of the body, aB bloating, drawing in of the flanks, etc. 5. Breathing, 

 the number of respirations per minute, and whether labored or not. 

 6. Condition of the bowels and secretions of the kidneys, color, etc. 7. 

 Appetite ; regular, variable, etc. 8. Temperature of the body as lndi 

 cated by the bulb of the thermometer when placed between the body 

 and the foreleg. 9. Give position of kennel and surroundings, outlook, 

 contiguity to other buildings, and the uses of the latter. Also give any 

 peculiarities of temperament, movements, etc., that may be noticed, 

 signs of suffering, etc. 



TREATMENT FOR HYDROPHOBIA. 



Washington, D. 0., Jan. 7, 1878. 

 Editor Forest and Stream and Bod and Gun : 



Dear Sir — In your issue of Jan. 3 you are kind enough to 

 call the attention of your readers to my letter regarding 

 Rabies canina, but you mention that, the advice I give is the 

 treatment for hydrophobia. Allow me to correct you in this 

 particular. What I suggest is not the treatment for hydro- 

 phobia, but for the prevention of this disease; for it is not every 

 individual bitten by a rabid dog that has hydrophobia. I 

 trust you will pardon me for venturing to insert here a para- 

 graph from Sir Thomas Watson's admirable paper on hydro- 

 phobia, which seems to possess a special applicability to the 

 case in point. After stating that this plague (hydrophobia) 

 in his opinion, might be permanently abolished, he says: 

 "The disease, or rather the pair of diseases to which I ad- 

 vert, consists of hydrophobia in the human species and rabies 

 in the canine. It is well to keep in mind the distinction be- 

 tween these t-ioo. (Italics mine.) There would be no hydro- 

 phobia where there was no rabies ; there can be no rabies un- 

 less it be communicated by a rabid animal. But they are not 

 identical diseases. To use the concrete form of speech, rabies 

 in the dog is quite different and distinct from hydrophobia in 

 the man. The term hydrophobia is often erroneously applied 

 to both diseases, but the rabid dog is never hydrophobic." I 

 purposely call your attention forcibly to this matter of no- 

 menclature, fearing that perhaps some one seeing my article 

 and reading your kind paragraph approving of the treatment 

 might insist upon cutting and cauterizing a sufferer from hy- 

 drophobia, which plan of treatment, good at the proper time. 

 i. e., immediately after the bite, would, in my opinion, only 

 increase the nervous perturbation under which the patient suf- 

 fered. When I wrote my article I had not read Sir Thomas 

 Watson's lecture, and I am delighted to find how closely my 

 opinions follow those of this distinguished teacher. Let me 

 suggest that, as the public attention is now greatly excited 

 over the subject of hydrophobia, that it might prove of in- 

 terest to reproduce in your columns Dr. Coues' article on 

 skunk rabies in one of the recent publications of the TJ. S. 

 Gov't. Surv. of the Territories, the title of which is Fur- 

 Bearing Animals Miscel. pub. No. viii, 1877. 



Very truly yours, H. C. Yarrow. 



THREE HUNDRED DOLLARS DAMAGES 



WHAT IT COSTS TO KILL A GORDON SETTER — SANDFORD VS. 



ALLEN. 



A CASE of great interest to owners of dogs was tried in 

 the Monmouth County Circuit of the New Jersey Supreme 

 Court some few days ago. Mr. E. S. Sandford, Jr., was the 

 owner of a valuable Gordon setter, named Oberon, which had 

 been placed in charge of Hart Haight to be broken. In July 

 last the trainer, visiting a neighbor, accompanied by the dog, 

 suddenly lost the dog. He was told that a man named Tom 

 Allen, a farmer, had just shot a dog. On being questioned in 

 regard to his (Allen's) shooting of a dog, he admitted to having 

 fired his gun at a dog somewhat resembling Oberon. Haight, 

 in making diligent inquiry for the dog and not finding him, 

 went to a field, when he found marks m the stubble field 

 where the earth had been lately dug up. On Haight removing 

 the earth, there were indications that some animal had been 

 first buried there and afterwards removed. A tuft of hair, 

 black and tan, such as existed on Oberon's fore legs, was 

 foimd, which confirmed Haight's suspicions. The tracks of 

 men leading from where the dog had been buried to the river, 

 seemed to indicate that the body had been thrown into the 

 water. Mr. Sandford, represented by Hart Haight as bailee, 

 in place of the owner, brought suit for $500 damages against 

 Allen. Gen. Haight and W- H. Vredenburg appeared for the 

 plaintiff, and Robert Allen for the defendant. Prices of dogs 

 were presented to the Court, Mr. Sandford testifying that 

 large sums of money were paid for Gordon setters, and that 

 Oberon was a favorable specimen of the race. Oberon's pedi- 

 gree from the Duke of Gordon's kennel was produced. 



Allen admitted that he had shot a dog and buried him. He 

 alleged that his Bheep had been worried by dogs two weeks 

 before, and seeing a dog going in the direction of the sheep 

 he had shot the dog. He admitted, however, that the dog he 

 had killed was in a field adjoining the public road, and that a 

 cornfield intervened between that field and the field where the 

 sheep were. 

 The main points in Judge Scudder's charge were as follows : 

 The case was one brought by the bailee in the place of the 

 owner, and the charge made by Haight is that Allen shot the 

 dog in the month of July and killed him. The plaintiff denied 

 killing the dog Oberon. The Jury had to be satisfied that the 

 dog killed was Oberon. A dog collar had been produced, but 

 which was not the collar belonging to the dog which was 

 killed. The question was did Allen kill the dog ? By his 

 own evidence it seems that Allen did kill a brownish dog — 

 though he has said that it was a black dog which he had shot 

 — and between the two statements there is a substantial agree- 

 ment that the dog killed was black and tan. The plaintiff 



would give no clue as to the dog to Haight. Allen misled and 

 deluded Haight, which was evidence of a guilty mind. Why 

 did not Haight frankly state that he had killed the dog ? 

 The dog was then certainly on Allen's ground 

 without any right. The dog was on another man's land, with- 

 out invitation or permission. But every trespass of a domes- 

 tic animal upon another man's land does not give him the 

 right to kill it. H it is doing damage the law gives him a 

 remedy against the owner, but he has no right to shoot a 

 horse or a cow or a dog, or any valuable domestic animal, 

 merely because it is trespassing upon his land. A man might 

 be justified in killing a dog if it was on his premises destroy- 

 ing, or even chasing or worrying his animals. For instance, 

 it is said that this defendant kept a large number of chickens. 

 If this dog had been chasing or destroying his chickens he 

 might have been justified in killing, and thus preventing it 

 from doing any further damage of that kind. There is a 

 special authority given by our State to kill dogs found tres- 

 passing, and that authority is given for the protection of 

 sheep. Our statute enacts that "It shall be lawful for any 

 person to kill any dog or bitch which may be found chasing, 

 worrying or wounding any sheep or lamb." By another sec- 

 tion the owner iB made liable if he does not kill a dog that 

 is found chasing or worrying or wounding them, after a no- 

 tice of twenty-four hours. There is an express statutory 

 right given to kill under certain circumstances. But there is 

 no evidence in this case that this dog was worrying, chasing 

 or wounding the defendant's sheep or bis property. The de- 

 fendant says that the dog was smelling about the ground, 

 where the sheep had been some time before, and had gone 

 twenty yards in the field where they were. But the dog was 

 not in the same field ; there was a cornfield between them. 

 The dog was not worrring or chasing the sheep. The de- 

 fendant did not even attempt to drive the dog off. According 

 to his' own evidence, he took a gun and shot the dog, merely 

 because he was smelling the ground and looking in the direc- 

 tion of the sheep. This being so there can be no justification 

 for the act under the statute. -Perhaps a single 

 call would have attracted the dog. He took 

 the responsibility of going to his house, getting his 

 gun. After snapping the first barrel, exploding the second 

 one, he killed the dog. The further question is started in 

 this case, Whether an action is maintainable for kdling a 

 dog ? I think it has been settled long since that such an 

 action may be maintained. There may be value in a dog 

 recognized by the law. A dog may have an intriusic value 

 for certain qualities which he possesses like any other domes- 

 tic animal. He may be valuable to his owner as a watch dog ; 

 he may, as in this case, he valuable to the ovsner as a hunting 

 dog ; and when human skill and labor have been spent upon 

 a dog, and expense has been incurred by the owner to develop 

 any natural qualities which he may have and make him more 

 useful for hunting, that dog has a value to his owner, who 

 may recover damages. The question," the Judge now said, 

 "was one of value— the worth of the dog in the market. 

 Mr. Sandford had agreed to pay Haight $50 to break the dog, 

 and a part of this money had been disbursed. The dog's 

 special value was for his breed ; that he was a Gordon setter, 

 not a mere fancy dog, but for intrinsic qualities. If the dog 

 had special and distinctive qualities, these must be valued." 

 Punative damages, his Honor did not see, could be ac- 

 corded. No malice was shown. The defendant did not 

 know Haight. Perhaps the defendant might have thought 

 he was exercising his rights in killing the dog. If the dog 

 had been following his master on the road, and Allen had shot 

 him, and wantingly killed him, there might have been in such 

 a case evidence of malice. 



After a short deliberation the jury awarded the plaintiff $300 

 damages. We may remark that Judge Scudder's decision was 

 a just one, and covered the case. 



It was not necessary for the counsel for the plaintiff to 

 prove malice, though evidence of a damaging character might 

 have been brought against Allen which might have entitled 

 the plaintiff to punative damages. Mr. E. S. Sandford, Jr.. 

 brought on the suit, with no idea of using the law to its 

 utmost extent, hut simply to show a very ignorant and cer- 

 tainly brutal fellow that dogs are not to be shot with im- 

 punity. ^ 



For Forest and Stream and Rod and Gun 

 RUSSIAN SETTERS. 



IN an article on this subject published in Forest and 

 Stream last August, I reiterated an opinion expressed in 

 a previous communication that "there is no pure breed of 

 setters peculiar to Russia." 



This was in reply to a sharply criticising letter from 

 "Cancnicus," in which he asserted that "none but a novice or 

 tyro could give public vent to such lamentable ignorance as 

 the above sentence exhibits in canine knowledge," and "Ca- 

 nonicus" assures the sporting brotherhood that "the setter 

 strain of Russia has been bred and kept strictly pure for the 

 last century," hut offers no evidence except quotations from 

 "Frank Forester." Not accepting those quotations as proof 

 of "C's" assertion, and that I might not again be accused of, 

 "lamentable ignorance" of canine matters, I expressed a 

 desire for information on the subject from some one more 

 competent to speak than myself. -Since then, however, I have 

 seen nothing on the subject from "Canonicus," nor from any 



cus, until quite recently. Referring to some letters on 



'The Dogs of Russia,." written by Lieut. Ismailoff, of the 

 Russian army, and published in the Spirit of the Times, the 

 editor of Tlie Country remarks that no mentionis made or' the 

 so-called "Russian setter;" and further adds, that in a personal 

 interview Lieut. Ismailoff stated that "there was no breed of 

 setters that he claimed as heing purely Russian, and that the 

 dogs known by that designation must have had as progenitors 

 animals imported from Europe, successive generations of 

 which had gradually been changed by climatic influences, 

 until they bad assumed the appearance of a different type. " 

 This sustains me in my original statement, and is evidence of 

 value, coming as it does from a Russian gentleman, who is in 

 a position to know much whereof he speaks. Lieut. Ismailoff 

 ascribes to "climatic influences through successive genera- 

 tions " tbe cause of these dog appearing to be of a different 

 type. Of course, if not of a distinct breed and entitled to 



