302 DR A. J. WHITING ON THE 



other two spleens. They have a more irregular surface than those of the spleen imme- 

 diately preceding, and about the same as in the spleen of Expt. II. Their protoplasm 

 shows a conspicuous division into hyaline rim and coarsely granular core. They were 

 seen a few times within follicles, frequently in the veins within the spleen, and one was 

 seen in the peripheral blood-sinus of an ellipsoid. There are present in the pulp enor- 

 mous numbers of mature nucleated red cells, but a comparatively small number of ery- 

 thro blasts. Occasionally a nucleated red cell may be seen to have two nuclei. A large 

 number of nucleated red cells, in different stages of maturity, are seen within the veins. 

 Many coarsely granular protoplasmic corpuscles are present ; they are grouped in the 

 follicles as in the spleen of the child, and are scattered throughout the pulp, but are 

 especially numerous in the neighbourhood of the follicles. As regards their general 

 characters, they may be compared with small uninucleated giant cells. They sometimes 

 show karyokinetic figures. Some of the larger are vacuolated, and resemble the special 

 uninucleated vacuolated cells characteristic of the spleen of the child. There are a few 

 eosinophilous cells and a few pigment-holding cells present ; the latter are mainly in the 

 follicles. Scattered throughout the pulp are large numbers of small lymphoid cells, or 

 uninucleated leucocytes. The germinal centres of the follicles are relatively small, and 

 there are many small lymphoid cells scattered among its leucoblasts. 



Tivo Experiments on Anaemia in Dogs. 



In following up the indications obtained from the evidence detailed up to this point, 

 I bled two dogs, with a principal object of examining the giant cells, that I expected to 

 make their appearance as a result of the bleeding, in the fresh condition. Both experi- 

 ments were on adult fox-terriers, and they were conducted as nearly as possible in the 

 same way. The dogs were put on a fixed diet, and their blood was examined at the same 

 hour each day, and with the same time relation to feeding. When the observations 

 were constant, the same, or nearly the same, percentage of the body weight of blood was 

 removed in each case by incising the external jugular vein. Ether was used as an 

 anaesthetic. A curious fact was noticed in each bleeding — that the last portion of blood 

 withdrawn clotted immediately it passed from the vein into the cannula, so that the 

 latter became blocked. The routine followed in the examination of the blood was as 

 follows : — The interior of the lobe of the ear was cleansed, and a small incision was made 

 with a sharp scalpel ; the number of the corpuscular elements was estimated by means of 

 the Thoma-Zeiss haemocytometer, diluting the blood with methyl salt solution ; the per- 

 centage of haemoglobin was estimated with Gowers' haemoglobinometer ; and the specific 

 gravity was ascertained by Haycraft's method ; cover glass films of blood were dried 

 in the air and afterwards stained, and fresh preparations of blood were made by 

 allowing a drop to be spread in a thin layer on a slide by the weight of a cover glass 

 and ringing the cover glass with oil. The wounds of the operations were treated 



