:U4 DR MURRAY ON THE DEEP AND SHALLOW- WATER MARINE FAUNA 



Southern Ocean to the south of the Indian Ocean, which may for shortness be called the 

 Kerguelen Region. The animals captured in the eight deep trawlings between 1260 

 fathoms (2304 m.) and 2600 fathoms (4755 m.) are peculiarly interesting, because they 

 represent the most southerly positions at which organisms have been procured from the 

 deep sea ; and further, because this group of deep trawlings and dredgings has turned 

 out to be more productive than any similar group of Stations during the whole voyage 

 with regard to the number of genera and species obtained from deep water. 



Complete lists of the genera and species of Metazoa captured at these deep-water 

 Stations, as well as of the genera and species obtained in the other trawlings and dredgings 

 in deep water over 1000 fathoms south of the southern tropic, are given in this paper, 

 and an examination of what is known of their distribution in other regions of the deep 

 sea brings out some interesting results. Lists of the Metazoa captured in the dredgings 

 and trawlings in intermediate depths between 1000 fathoms (1829 m.) and 150 fathoms 

 (274 m.), and in shallow water in depths less than 150 fathoms around the oceanic 

 islands of the Kerguelen Region, are likewise presented in the paper, and the distribution 

 of the species is analysed with some detail. Our knowledge of the marine fauna of the 

 Kerguelen Region is almost entirely derived from the trawlings and dredgings of the 

 Challenger Expedition ; the few additions to our knowledge from other sources are 

 collected in a supplementary list. 



In addition to these lists of the Metazoa, lists of the Foraminifera in the deposits, 

 and of the Radiolaria and Diatoms in the deposits and at the surface of the sea, 

 together with notes on the general results obtained by means of the surface nets while 

 the Challenger was engaged in the investigation of the region, are brought together in the 

 concluding portion of the paper. In the map accompanying this paper the temperature 

 of the ocean at a level of 1000 fathoms, and on the bottom in greater depths, is shown, 

 as well as the position of the eight dredging and trawling Stations in the deep-water 

 area of the Kerguelen Region, and the other twenty-nine Stations south of the southern 

 tropic. 



Sir Wyville Thomson and the other naturalists of the Challenger were very much 

 struck by the general resemblance of the animals captured in the trawlings and 

 dredgings at moderate depths, in the temperate and colder regions of the Southern 

 Hemisphere, to those they had been accustomed to procure under similar conditions 

 off the coasts of Great Britain and Norway. In the reports of the specialists who 

 have examined the collections from Kerguelen and the other islands of the Southern 

 Ocean, very frequent reference is made to the identical or closely allied species which 

 occur in the colder waters of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, but have no1 

 as yet been recorded from the intervening tropical regions, either in shallow or in 

 deep water. If there be, as indeed seems to be proved by the following investiga- 

 tions, very few widely distributed, or rather universally distributed, species in the 

 deep sea, and if there be a large number of identical and closely allied species in 

 the colder waters of the two hemispheres, wholly separated from each other by 



