OF THE KERGUELEN REGION OF THE GREAT SOUTHERN OCEAN. 367 



Tunicata : 



* Abyssascidia vasculosa, Herdman. 



* „ wyvillii, Herdman. 

 *Bathyoncus mirabilis, Herdman. 



Corynascidia sulimi, Herdman. 

 '* Culeolus 1 perlucidus, Herdman. 

 ,, recumbens, Herdman. 



*Fungulus cinereus, Herdman. 



* Pharyngodictyon mirabile, Herdman. 

 *Styela bythia, Herdman. 



* ,, sericata, Herdman. 



* ,, squamosa, Herdman. 



Fishes : 



Antimora rostra ta, Giintlier. 

 *Bathy draco antarcticus, 2 Giinther. 

 *Bathylagus 3 antarcticus, Giinther. 



Cyema atrum* Giinther. 



Gonostoma microdon, Giinther. 



Halosaurus '' macrochir, Giinther. 



Macrurus 6 armatus, 7 Hector. 



1 The genus Culeolus has a very considerable horizontal range, two of the species being found in the northern 

 hemisphere, while the remaining four are from the southern. Those in the northern seas are from the temperate zone, 

 while of the southern forms, one is from near the equator, one from between 20° to 30° S. lat, and the remaining two 

 species are from much further south. . . . Culeolus is a peculiarly deep-water genus, but has a considerable range, viz., 

 from 630 to 2425 fathoms. Five of the species are from upwards of 1000 fathoms, four from over 1500 fathoms, and 

 two from upwards of 2000 fathoms. Thus they all belong to the abyssal fauna. — (Herdman, Zool. Ghall. Exp., 

 part 17,' pp. 265, 270.) 



2 Bathydraco antarcticus is clearly allied to Chamichthys; its habitat at a great depth is evidenced by the diminished 

 proportion of earthy matter in the bones of the skull, by its large eyes, wide muciferous channels, and coloration. — 

 (Gunther, Zool. Chall. Exp., part 57, p. 48.) 



3 In Bathylagus the thinness of the bones, the fragility of the fin-rays, the delicacy of the skin and scales, and the 

 enormously large eyes, seem to be sufficient evidence that these fishes are actually inhabitants of very great depths. 

 These fishes must therefore be entirely dependent for vision on the phosphorescent light which is produced by other 

 abyssal creatures. Not being fish of prey themselves, or only to a slight degree, they would be attracted by the light 

 issuing from the Pediculates and Stomiatids of the deep, and thus fall an easy prey to these fishes. — (Gunther, Zool. 

 Chall. Exp., part 57, p. 219.) 



4 Cyema atrum is extremely interesting, inasmuch as it is still nearer to the Leptocephalid condition than 

 Nemiddhys infans. In fact, I had to consider the possibility of its being a less advanced stage of development of that 

 species ; however, the minute size of the eye disposes of the idea of genetic affinity. — (Gunther, Zool. Chall. Exp., 

 part 57, p. 266.) 



5 Of the genus Halosaurus which hitherto was known from a single example only, four species were discovered by 

 the Challenger, showing that it is widely and abundantly represented in the deep sea.— (Gunther, Zool. Chall. Exp., 

 part 57, p. 232.) 



6 Bsfore the Challenger Expedition the known species of Macrurus were few in number . . . The dredge of the 

 Challenger secured more than 140 examples referable to thirty species, and proved that this type of fishes is not only 

 one of the most widely spread in the depths of all oceans, but also extremely abundant with regard to species and 

 individuals.— (Gunther, Zool. Chall. Exp., part 57, p. 122.) 



7 Macrurus armatus has a wide range in the southern hemisphere, and is subject to some variation, the variation 



VOL. XXXVIII. PAET II. (NO. 10). 3 D 



