432 DR MURRAY ON THE DEEP AND SHALLOW- WATER MARINE FAUNA 



As in the case of the preceding lists, the great majority of the 533 species enumerated 

 in the above list were each taken only at one of the four Stations or localities, but a 

 certain number occurred at more than one of these localities. 



LIST IV«. 



We give here a list of such species, indicating in brackets the number of Stations 

 or localities at which each species was found. It will be noticed that out of the 102 



list, the specimens of which prohably did not reach the hands of the specialists who described the Challenger collections : 

 — " The prevailing animals in the shallow-water dredging on January 17 were Echinodermata, next to which Sponges 

 and Polyzoa were represented by a considerable n amber of genera and species. There were also a large simple 

 Ascidian and a small composite one ; simple Ascidians were apparently far from numerous here, nor, indeed, were 

 hey abundant at any place where we have dredged in shallow water, — an interesting fact, if confirmed as we go on. 

 Annelids were represented especially by numerous Aphroditaceans, belonging probably to the genera Aphrodita and 

 Hcrmione, and a few Terebellids ; there were also two Nemerteans, one a particularly large one with immense mouth. 

 The almost total absence of higher Crustacea in the shallow-water fauna of these Antarctic islands is very astonishing, 

 Near Marion Island a caridid shrimp was taken in great numbers, while here at Kerguelen not a single Decapod was 

 found. An Amphipod, the Gammarus which in water takes the place of flies on land, was very common. For Isopods 

 this seemed to be a favourite territory, Serolis being probably the most numerous in specimens and species, though 

 small Sphasromida? were not uncommon, and several specimens of a spiny Arcturus were taken ; most of these Isopods 

 had eggs or young in their breeding pouches. A species of Tanais obtained to-day was very interesting on account of 

 its method of reproduction ; it had no breeding lamella?, as in all Isopods hitherto known, but instead two sacs at the 

 base of the fifth pair of legs, which contained the young ones, reminding one very much of the well-known sacs at the 

 base of the last pair of feet in Copepods. They were in every way similar, but here rounded and not elongated, about 

 2^ inches in diameter, and containing each about twenty embryos, which evidently remain there, as they do in the 

 breeding pouches of other species, until they have attained their full development. Among the Molluscs there was a 

 large white Nudibranch and a few Gasteropoda and Lamellibranchiata, all indicating great uniformity in the Molluscan 

 fauna of the place. On January 20, the dredge brought up some specimens of Siphonostomum, a genus very common 

 in the north and in the Mediterranean, which has a great resemblance to the northern species. These worms have, 

 besides two long tentacles, a quantity of branchial filaments and papilla; surrounding the mouth ; at the first segment 

 there are also very strong and long seta; standing erect in front, and having a peculiar structure ; in the skin are 

 many glands that exude a slimy secretion, by which they are generally surrounded. On January 21, the dred 

 brought up large specimens of Serolis, and in the trawl were great quantities of a Caprella, the male of which is v< i ■>, 

 much elongated, and has enormously long anterior claws ; the female had eggs in its pouch. On January 29, the 

 dredge brought up many Echinoderms, a singular round simple Ascidian, and among the worms Clymenia and TerebeUa, 

 along with Dentalium and other Molluscs. The trawl procured in the afternoon a prodigious quantity of animals, 

 including specimens of a large Rossella, a smaller siliceous Sponge, and a stalked one ; small Planarians and Nemerteans ; 

 many Annelids, among which were large quantities of Aphrodita and Siphonostomum, and also a small Sipunculus ; 

 quantities of Polyzoa, also simple and composite Ascidians ; among Crustacea, an Ostracode belonging to the Cypr:- 

 dinidae, some of the big members of which seem to inhabit deeper water, many Pycnogonids, among which were a 

 small Nymphon, a large red Nymphon, and Pycnogonum (several of these spiders were overgrown by an Alcyonium, 

 which much enlarged their appearance), two female specimens of Nebalia, differing only slightly from the Mediterranean 

 Nebalia geoffroyi, several male and female specimens of a Petalophthalmid, an inch long, apparently belonging tu mj 

 genus Grozetia [ = Amblyops, Sars], established on a much larger species from deep water (these specimens with their 

 larva; show that the animals undergo the ilf?/sts-development, and that the genus is more nearly allied to the ordinary 

 Mysis than to the deep-sea Petalophthalmids) ; among the Isopods were quantities of Serolis, old and young in all 

 stages of development, a few specimens of the Tanais taken on the 17th, and males and ovigerous females of Pran 

 (Anceus), showing hardly any differences from the species studied by Dohm at Plymouth and described by Sp< 

 Bate in his British Sessile-Eyed Crustacea; Amphipods were represented by several small species, and a large oni 

 distinguished by a bright-red process at the front of the carapace, containing, under a simple chitinous layer, pigmenl 

 arranged in hexagons (I could discover no trace of bodies entitling them to be called eyes, of which they are very 

 probably the rudiments) ; of Cumacea a little Guma was very abundant, in the males of which the second antenna 

 seem to remain in the same state of development as in the female. Except the Schizopod already mentioned, not ■ 

 single member of the higher stalk-eyed Crustacea was taken, and probably no others exist here in shallow water. 

 Three specimens of a Iiaia, not mentioned in Gunther's Catalogue of Fishes, were also obtained." 



