4^0 DR MURRAY ON THE DEEP AND SHALLOW-WATER MARINE FAUNA 



masses, which were identical with those Mr Murray had observed in the Arctic Ocean. 

 These minute Algae can be seen in the water with the naked eye, when the vessel is held 

 towards the light ; they have the surface covered with little dots of a greenish or yellowish 

 tinge, which, when examined under high powers, were seen to be arranged in groups of 

 four. 1 A few hours later the sea was blue, and these Algae could not be observed in 

 the water. 



In lat. 64° 37' S., the following surface organisms were collected by Mr Murray in a 

 boat, Euphausia superba being especially abundant (the supplementary eyes of which 

 were in the evening observed to be phosphorescent) : — Diatoms, Globigerina, Radiolaria, 

 DipJtyes, larvae of Chirodota (?) with twelve divided wheels, Sagitta, Cypridina, and 

 Euphausia superba. 



In lat. 62° 26' S. there were observed a few larvae of Chirodota (?), small specimens 

 of Alciopa and Tomopteris, a very large specimen of Sagitta from the trawl, a few 

 Cypridinidae, Calanids abundant, Hyperia, Primno. Willemoes-Suhm writes : — " The 

 Euphausice, very common on the surface near the ice, were scarcer in clear water, where 

 the Copepod genera Calamus and Eucalanus were the most abundant animals." 



In lat. 53° 55' S., among the masses of Diatoms only comparatively few animals were 

 observed, viz., Cypridinidae, Copepods, Hyperia, Primno, and a few small shells of 

 Limacina. 



In lat. 50° 1' S. were observed a very few Diatoms, Globigerina, Orbulina, Medusa 1 , 

 a fine Nemertean [Pelagonemertes], which, though taken in the trawl, is evidently a pelagic 

 animal, but probably lives in moderately deep water, Sagitta, Cypridina, great quantities 

 of the Antarctic Copepods, large Hyperia, Primno, Phronima, and small shells of 

 Limacina. Willemoes-Suhm writes : — " Some of the surface animals taken to-day 

 indicate that we have entered the warm Indian current, e.g., a Phronima, and a large 

 transparent Nemertean, with Dendroccelous characters, which was two inches in length 

 and showed well the intestine, nervous system, and ovary." 



In lat. 47° 25' S., the tow-nets procured compound Radiolaria, Foraminifera, Diphyes, 

 Physophorid, Apolemia (?), Sagitta, Cypridina, Nauplii of a Cirriped (Archizoea gigas, 

 Dohrn), Hyperia, Phronima with house and young, Primno, Euphausia, Sergestes, 

 Zoeae, Atlanta, and Appendicular ia. 



Willemoes-Suhm writes : — " The warm- water animals are in greater number on the 

 surface ; there were five specimens of Pyrosoma, nearly every one of which had eggs but 

 no embryos. There was a Nauplius, with a carapace like the cap of a Madeira peasant, 

 with many spines, 3 mm. in length ; it belongs to Euphausia, of which Metschnikoff 

 has figured a similar larva (Zeitschr. f. iviss. Zool., Bd. xxi. p. 390, pi. xxxiv., 1871), 

 but not with such a striking form. There were many adult Euphausice on the surface. 

 Phronima was taken with its house ; Claus has shown that the house is a young Pyrosomo 

 in which Phronima establishes itself in order to feed on the Tunicata. He has found all 



1 This Alga has since heen descrihed by G. Pouch et as 1'etruspora poucheti, Hariot (Comptes rendus des seam-* 

 Sockt< : d< Biologie, 1892). 



