634 MR FRANK J. COLE ON THE 



to the description of Busch, whose figures he reproduces (PI. I. figs. 8 and 9). In 1869, 

 or exactly 21 years after the publication of Busch's memoir, Gegenbaur (13) printed, 

 in the Jenaische Zeitschrift, an extract from a letter he had received from Miklucho- 

 Maclay of Messina, in which the true nature of Valentin's "olfactory nerves" was 

 independently stated, and the cerebral hemispheres and olfactory lobes re- discovered. 

 Miklucho-Maclay was clearly unaware of Busch's work, and apparently so also was 

 Gegenbaur, whilst the latter further complicates matters by attributing to Muller a 

 discovery which he certainly never made — i.e., that of the cerebral hemispheres and 

 olfactory lobes. The next reference to Chimsera occurs in a suggestive paper published 

 in 1874 by Vetter (15), in which some motor branches of the trigeminus to the muscles 

 of the labial cartilages were described. Hubrecht (17), in 1877, makes j>assing references 

 to the sensory canals and nerves, but unfortunately follows the erroneous account of 

 the latter given by Stannius. In the same year appeared a description of the brain by 

 Wilder (18), who finds a close homology between it and the brains of most sharks and 

 skates. No new facts, however, of any importance are added to the accounts of Busch 

 and Miklucho-Maclay, and the paper is mostly concerned with the anatomy of the 

 brain as revealed by dissection. Schwalbe's important memoir on the ciliary ganglion 

 (23), published in 1879, contains two figures of the nerves of Chimsera. This work 

 will be fully discussed in its proper place, but I may mention now that, whilst Schwalbe 

 evidently regarded Stannius' account of the nerves as correct, he was the first to 

 figure the roots of the Vllth, although, with Stannius, he regarded them as belonging 

 to the Vth, and completely overlooked the true roots of the latter nerve. A year later, 

 in 1880, Solger published an account of the histology of the sensory canals of Chimsera 

 (25), in which he figures the sensory epithelium of the canals, and describes the position 

 of the sense organs, which, anteriorly, he accurately states as being situated midway 

 between the diamond-shaped openings. He calls the anterior semi -closed canals 

 "secondary" and the posterior open ones "primary" — the latter, in his opinion, being 

 more primitive. In 1881 Retzius re-investigated the anatomy of the ear (29), and 

 described it in more detail than Breschet, whose figures he considerably improves 

 upon. Finally Garman (33) described and figured the course of the canals in 

 Cliimsera and Callorhynchus, and, not having investigated the nerves, gave them 

 names of purely local significance. I propose to discuss this method of nomenclature 

 later on. 



This concludes, as far as I am aware, the survey of all the literature relating to the 

 nerves and sense organs of Chimsera. It is only necessary to add that an abstract of 

 the present paper was published in March 1896 (69), to be followed in the following 

 month by Mr Collinge's memoir on the sensory and ampullary canals (70). The latter 

 was reviewed by me in the Anatomischer Anzeiger (71), and it is not necessary, there- 

 fore, that I should make any further reference to it in the present publication. 



