648 MR FRANK J. COLE ON THE 



thereby exposed. He makes no reference to Chimasra in his admirable section on the 

 roots of the Vth and Vllth (p. 20) ; and had he investigated them, we must, I think, 

 have had an accurate description of them from him. Otherwise, his statements con- 

 cerning the root of the glossopharyngeal, and his oversight of such an important and 

 obvious nerve as the chorda tympani, and the still more obvious root of the trigeminal, 

 cannot be explained. 



Stannius figures but does not describe the profundus, superficial ophthalmic, and 

 maxillary divisions of the Vth. With regard to the first, he makes it enter the orbit by 

 a different foramen from the Vth and buccal, which is, as before explained, erroneous. 

 A twig is referred to as the " long ciliary," but not further mentioned ; and he failed to 

 see the origin of the branch to the supra-orbital canal. The superficial ophthalmic is 

 correctly figured, and in his specimen fused with the ophthalmic of the facial ; but as he 

 regarded the latter as a branch of the Vth, it is simply referred to as an anastomosis 

 between two divisions of the Vth. The maxillary ("superior maxillary" of Stannius) 

 need only be briefly mentioned. Two of the Vth elements accompanying the Vllth are 

 shown (both unlettered), one leaving the buccal and coursing downwards over the 

 masseter (fig. 1, B 5 ?), the other leaving the outer buccal and joining with the maxillary 

 (V 8 ?). The mandibular (" inferior maxillary" of Stannius) is partly figured and briefly 

 described. The large nerve to the expanded base of the masseter is also shown in the 

 plate, but neither lettered, nor referred to in the explanation. It will be seen that 

 Stannius' description of the mandibular (p. 46), which I reproduce below, agrees largely 

 with mine ; an important addition however being, that he describes and figures an 

 anastomosis with the external mandibular (facial), which I can indej)endently confirm : — 



" Bei Chimsera theilt sich der E. maxillaris inferior am Augenhohlenrande in vordere 

 und hintere Zweige. Jene verlaufen am Boden der knorpeligen Augenhohle schrag 

 vorwarts und erstrecken sich grossentheils unter der Haut zur weichen Schnauze, wo sie 

 auch Verbindungen mit Zweigen des E. buccalis eingehen. Ein Zweig is auch fur die 

 Gegend der Zwischen Oberkiefer und Unterkiefer gelegenen Labialknorpel, fur dercn 

 Muskulatur und fiir die innere Seitenwand der Mundhohle bestimmt. — Mehre Zweige 

 treten in die beiden Portionem des Kiefermuskels. — Ein anderer Ast erstreckt sich zu 

 dem grossen accessorischen Unterkieferknorpel, gelangt zum Unterkiefer, geht Verbin- 

 dungen ein mit Zweigen vom E. mandibularis N. facialis, vertheilt sich in die Muskulatur 

 der accessorischen Knorpel und endet an der Haut der Unterlippe." 



Pinkus (67) describes the Vth nerve of Protopterus as consisting of the following 

 branches : — 



(1) Superficial ophthalmic. 



(2) Profundus. 



(3) Maxillary I (3a) Su P erior maxil W- 



I (Sb) Inferior maxillary. 



The profundus is in an interesting condition, since it does not fuse with the super- 

 ficial ophthalmic of either Vth or Vllth. Its cutaneous distribution is therefore an 



