1893.] The Ancylopoda, Chalicotherium and Artionyz. 121 
recently the skull and limb bones, wherever found, were placed 
not only in different genera but in distinct orders. The first 
remains discovered were the terminal phalanges, found in the 
upper Miocene of Eppelsheim in 1825; they were sent to 
Cuvier, who, noting the deep terminal cleft, named them Pan- 
golin gigantesque. In 1833 Kaup found in the same beds the 
isolated upper molars which he naturally attributed to an 
ungulate, and named Chalicotherium goldfussi (syn. anti- 
quum). Thus early began the confusion due to the wholly 
diverse affinities suggested by the phalanges and the teeth. 
In 1837 Lartet found the feet (in somewhat earlier Miocene 
beds of Sansan) which he supposed belonged to a huge eden- 
tate and termed Macrotherium giganteum. In 1853 Lartet also 
discovered a skull and teeth at Sansan; he was unaware of 
Kaup’s priority and first called the skull Anoplotherium, but 
later separated it as Anisodon; Gervais, later, pointed out the 
priority of Kaup’s term. In the upper Miocene of Pikermi 
Gaudry found feet and limbs quite different from the Macro- 
therium type; these he termed Ancylotherium. From the 
Phosphorites, in 1875, he described the teeth of a new species, 
C. modicum, and the feet of a supposed new genus, Schizo- 
therium priscum. The skull and teeth were also found by 
Falconer in the Siwaliks of India and termed C. sivalense. 
Considering this exceptional mingling in so many horizons, 
of one genus represented exclusively by skulls or teeth and 
another by feet and limbs, Filhol, in 1888, first advanced the 
conjecture that the two might really be one, and was happily 
able to confirm this by his own discoveries in Sansan. Forsyth 
Major independently arrived at the same concl usion from his 
explorations in the Pikermi beds. Finally, in his memoir, 
Depéret describes parts of a skeleton and skull found together 
at Grive St. Alban, in beds nearly contemporaneous with San- 
san. In the meantime it is probable that a similar confusion 
has arisen with us. In 1877 Marsh announced the discovery 
of phalanges of a large edentate in the middle and upper 
Miocene of Oregon and Nebraska, and compared them with 
those of Ancylotherium rather than with any true edentates; 
he distinguished them by the coalescence of the first and sec- 
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