1893.] Geology and Paleontology. 147 
of the forms which are here concerned; and the statement can be 
enforced by the further fact that the parasitic groups—those which are 
entomophagous—are represented, as well as many of those which in the, 
present time show peculiar modes of life; thus we have representatives 
of such microscopie parasitic insects as Myrmar, strepsipterons have 
been discovered, the viviparity of the ancient Aphides has been shown 
probable, the special sexual forms of ants and white ants were as 
clearly marked as to-day, and the triungulin larva of Meloe has been 
found enclosed in amber, showing that the phenomenon of hypermeta- 
morphism had already been developed.—Proceeds. Boston Soc. Nat. 
Hist., Jan., 1892. 
Uplifts in the Sierras of California.—A paper of Mills in 
the Bull. G. S. A., Vol. 3, contains the following account of the oro- 
graphic movements from which result northern half of the Sierra 
Nevada range. 
Along the axes of the greatest uplifting of the present range a pre- 
Mesozoic range arose carrying up both crystalline and metamorphosed 
sedimentary rocks, which partially disappeared through erosion and 
subsidence; then a mesozoic range arose and its strata became uptilted, 
and it in turn was reduced by erosion and subsidence to very small 
proportions, and then in Tertiary and Quaternary time has arisen the 
present range, which is now undergoing its erosion.” 
A New Pliocene Ruminant.—The right mandible of a large 
animal found in the lowest Pliocene formation in the vicinity of Oran 
has beer referred to the order of Artiodactyla by M. Pomel under the 
name Libytherium maurusium. In dimensions it rivals Helladothe- 
rium, with which it has some affinities, but from which it differs unmis- 
takably. The fossil measures 30 centimetres from the posterior border 
of the last molar to the posterior part of symphysis.—Revue Scien- 
tifique, July, 1892. 
A Remarkable Artiodactyle from the White River 
Epoch.—In a late number of the Bulletin of the American Museum 
of Natural History, Drs. Osborn and Wortman describe a species of 
Artiodactyle which differs much from any form previously known. 
A considerable part of the skeleton was obtained, together with crania 
of both male and female. , The superior premolars (except the last) 
are simple, thus excluding the genus from the Bodidea, and the cuboid 
and navicular bones are distinct, a character which separates 1 from 
