260 The American Naturalist. [March, 
Dawan (16,170), and Kichokin Dawan, a double pass, 15,300 feet 
above sea level. The Tisnaf Valley, Egisarak Kurgan, where copper 
is found, the village of Langar on the Zarafshan, an affluent of the 
Yarkand, are other points in his journey. He followed the Zarafshan 
to its junction with the Tung, and then turned S. 8. W. to the plateau 
region, where he reached 16,350 feet. According to him, the real 
sources of the Oxus are those of the Panjah. The difficult Karambar 
Pass was crossed with ten horses. 
Australasia.—Tue GLACIERS OF Sourn New ZeaLrann—The 
glacier region of the southern island of New Zealand has been to a great 
extent explored during the last thirty years. The smaller glaciers, 
which lie north of the larger, were first visited, the earliest visit to the 
latter being that of Sir J. von Haast in 1862. After his exploration 
of the headwaters of the Godley and Tasman rivers, came the visit of 
E. P. Seely between 1867 and 1870. Little more was done until 1882, 
when the Rev. W. S. Green almost ascended Mt. Cook, the loftiest peak 
of the region (12,349 feet). Dr. Lendenfeldt followed next year, and 
ascended Hochstetter Dome (9,258 feet). Since that year many 
ascents have been made by G. E. Mannering, Dixon, Johnson, Inglis, 
Brodrick and A. P. Harper, the contributor of a notice to the Royal 
Geographical Society. From the account and accompanying map it 
may be gathered that there is a great difference between the conditions, 
character and scenery of the eastern and western parts of the range. 
The glaciers of the east- slope descend gradually from elevations of 
5,300 to 8,600 feet to their terminations, 2,354 to 2,882 feet above the 
sea; the comparatively flat surface of their ice is hummocky, and for 
about a quarter of the length of the glaciersis covered with a consider- 
able quantity of rough moraine; the old lateral moraines of these 
eastern glaciers are also distinct, especially that of the Hooker glacier, 
where in one part there are no less than five. On the Mackenzie 
plains terminal and lateral moraines have been followed for forty miles. 
The glaciers of the east slope have been tolerably well explored; the 
principal ice sheets are Tasman, 18 miles long, 1.25 to 2.14 wide, and 
covering 13,664 acres; Murchison, 5,800 acres, and eleven miles in 
length; Müller, 3,200 acres, and eight miles in length ; and Hooker, 
2416 acres, and seven and a quarter miles long. North of these lie the 
_ Classen glacier of 1,707 acres, 4.70 miles long, and Godley glacier, cov- 
ering 5,312 acres, extending over eight lineal miles. The Aletsch 
glacier of Switzerland is fifteen miles by about a mile, and thus is 
inferior in dimensions to the Tasman glacier. 
