1893.] Geography and ` Travels. 265 
the wind would be more likely to drift the vessel to the west than to 
the east, 
Sir A. Young said that the greatest danger arose from the land. 
The remains of the Jeannette had probably found their way through 
narrow channels, in the course of years. He considered the fact that 
a tame reindeer had once found its way from Siberia to Upernavik, 
in Greenland, proved the existence of land. The advice of Captain 
Wiggins was not to wait for a squeeze, but to endeavor to run the ves- 
sel on to the top of the ice. 2 
To all these Dr. Nansen answered by a declaration that, as he had 
abandoned his ships to cross Greenland, so he meant to abandon the 
coast to reach the Pole; he believed that the winds acted with and 
caused the currents. 
Admiral Sir G. H. Richards, in a written communication states his 
belief that the enormous ice-cap of the pole, and the weight of snow, 
cause an outflow in all directions. Solid ice north of 78° is his concep- 
tion of the Arctic. 
Finally Sir J. D. Hooker writes a word of earnest warning. The 
lines of a ship may be of use in an open pack, but not when forced 
against land, amongst floes and bergs, or when the vessel is on her 
beam ends. He then enlarges upon the depressed spirits produced by 
the long confinement in close quarters, ever in prey to .a haunting 
uncertainty, to say nothing of the risk of scurvy. 
General Notes—The Geographical Journal, the first number of 
which appeared in January, can scarcely be called a new magazine, 
since it is but the well-known “ Proceedings of the Royal Geographical 
Society ” in a new dress, a dress which will, it is hoped, tend to 
popularize the study of Geography, and thus gain for itself a wider 
circle of subscribers than was reached by the “ Proceedings.” One of © 
the most noticeable new features is the more extended reviews of 
recently issued books, printed in the same type with the principal 
articles. 
Before the outbreak of the war with Chili, a Geographical Society 
had been founded at Lima, by D. Manuel Pardo. This was broken 
up by the war, but was again started on April 15th, 1891. The first 
volume of the “ Proceedings ” contains much of interest; among other 
things an article on the phenomenon known as the “ Callao Painter,” 
by S. Raimondi, and others on the River Purus, the geology of 
Huanta, and on the subsidence of Lake Titicaca. The president is- 
