`~ 324 The American Naturalist. [April, 
The relation of this fact to phylogeny is to confirm Heeckel’s 
hypothesis of the lemurine ancestry of man. I have advanced 
the further hypothesis that the Anthropomorpha (which 
include man and the anthropoid apes) have been derived 
directly from the lemurs, without passing through the 
monkeys proper. This close association of man with the apes, 
is based on various considerations. One of them is that the 
skeleton of the anthropoid apes more nearly resembles that of 
man in the most important respects than it does that of the 
monkeys. This is especially true of the vertebral column, 
where the anapophyses are wanting in the Anthropomorpha 
(insignificant rudiments remaining on one or two vertebre, 
as pointed out by Mivart), while they are well developed in 
the monkeys and lemurs. The frequent presence of the tri- 
tubercular molar in man disposes of the superior claim of the 
monkeys over the lemurs to the position of ancestor. Another 
significant fact pointing in the same direction is the existence 
of large-brained lemurs with a very anthropoid dentition 
(Anaptomorphidae) in our Eocene beds. This resemblance is 
very remarkable, much exceeding that lately observed by 
Ameghino in certain extinct forms of monkeys in Patagonia, 
which appear to be ancestors of the existing South American 
monkeys (Cebidae), and possibly of the Old World monkeys 
also. The superior molars of Anaptomorphus are trituber- 
cular, while the premolars, canines, and incisors are essentially 
: ` anthropomorphous, and rather human than simian. Anapto- 
morphus is probably at the same time the ancestor of the 
Malaysian lemurine genus Tarsius, and M. Topinard remarks 
that Tarsius has as good claims to be regarded as ancestral to 
Homo as Anaptomorphus. But M. Topinard must be aware 
that in the existing genus the character of the canine and 
incisive dentition is very unlike that of the Anaptomorphus 
and Homo. It is specialized in a different direction. The 
dentition of Anaptomorphus being so generalized as compared 
with Tarsius, I suspect that its skeleton will be found to pre- 
sent corresponding characters. Of course, if it be found here- 
after to have the foot structure of Tarsius (which I do not 
