1893.] The Genealogy of Man. ‘B25 
anticipate), it must be removed from the line of ancestry of 
the Anthropomorpha. 
It must be further observed that the ancestral line of the 
Anthropomorpha cannot be traced through any existing type 
of Lemuridae, but through the extinct forms of the Eocene 
period.’ This is on account of the peculiar specialization of 
the inferior canines, which are incisor-like, and because of the 
peculiar character of the incisors themselves, in the modern 
lemurs in the restricted sense. But we have numerous lemur- 
ine types of the Eocene of both America and Europe which 
satisfy the conditions exactly, so far as the dentition is con- 
cerned. These are mostly referable to the family Adapidae.. 
Unfortunately, we do not know the entire skeletons of 
these Eocene lemurs, but as far as we have them (genera Tom- 
itherium and Adapis), they are monkey-like. But we have 
what is almost as useful, the skeleton of their Eocene and 
Puerco ancestors, the Condylarthra. I long since pointed out 
that the latter order (not the genus Phenacodus, as Lydekker 
has represented me as saying), must be the ancestors of the 
lemurs, basing my views expressly on the general structure of 
Phenacodus, Periptychus and Meniscotherium. The structure 
of the ungual phalanges of Periptychus is very significant, and 
even more so is that in Meniscotherium, as recently shown by 
Marsh, who adopts (without credit) my hypothesis of lemurine 
affinities of the Condylarthra (which he renames the Meso- . 
dactyla). From Condylarthra back to Creodonta is an easy 
transition, and I have always assumed that the Creodonta 
were derived from generalized Polyprotodont Marsupialia. 
This view has been entirely confirmed by the recent discover- 
ies of Ameghino in Patagonia, where he has found forms 
whose remains may be referred with equal propriety to the one 
group or the other. M. Topinard has been rather hasty in 
reaching the marsupial ancestry in supposing that Phenacodus 
belongs to that order. All the evidence shows that Phenacodus 
is a generalized ungulate placental. : 
To return to the more immediate ancestry of man. M. 
Topinard believes that I hold the opinion that the Hominidae 
5 On the Primitive Types of the Orders of the Mammalia Educabilia, 1873, p. 8. 
