1893.] The Genealogy of Man. 331 
ing a vertical concavity, which is bounded a considerable 
distance below by another protuberance, the insertion of the 
genio-glossal muscles. This concavity is not present in the 
human symphysis, while it is less developed in the simian. 
The surface then slopes forward, as in the human symphysis, 
but this portion is shorter than in human jaws generally. It 
is represented by a convex face in the simian jaw. This 
character taken in connection with the others cited, goes a 
long way toward justifying the separation of the Cannstadt 
race as a distant species, as has been done by some author 
under the name of Homo neanderthalensis (Figs. 6, 7). 
Fic. 8. Fic. 9 
Sections of symphysis mandibuli of modern Liegois (Fig. 8), and of an ancient Par- 
isian (Fig. 9). From Fraipont and Lohest. 
V.—The curvature of the ulna and radius, which produces a 
wide interosseous space, is not found in any human race, but is 
common to the apes. On the contrary, the shortness of these 
bones is entirely human. 
VI.—The anterior convexity of the femur, with its round 
section, is only found among living races among the Nigritos 
of the Philippine Islands. It isseen in a less degree in femora 
of neolithic men, and occasional instances are seen among exist- 
ing Europeans. It is the normal condition in the apes. 
VII.—The tibia is shorter in its relation to the femur than 
in any human race, and is more robust than in most of them. 
This character, with the oval section, while not identical with 
what is seen in the apes, forms an approximation to it. 
VIII.—The condyles of the femur are not only wider than 
in human races generally, but they are more produced posteri- 
orly. The portion habitually resting on the head of the tibia 
