248 METAMOEPHOSES OF MAN 



glancing at the invertebrata in their entirety, he 

 showed that parthenogenesis occurred in many other 

 groups of Insects, in Crustacea, and in Mollusks. 

 Leuckart, on his part, investigated the virginal repro- 

 duction of worker-bees, and proved that this pheno- 

 menon, which is exceptional in our hives, occurs with 

 the same characters, but constantly, in colonies of 

 wasps, bumble-bees, and ants.* Then, extending his 

 researches, he found the same phenomena, if anything, 

 more fully characterized among the cochineal insects. f 

 We may add that similar occurrences have since been 

 recorded by other naturalists. For example, Messrs. 

 Barthelemy and Milliere have observed partheno- 

 genesis in four new species of Lepidoptera,J and 

 M. Hartig has discovered it in twenty-eight species of 

 Cynips. In regard to the latter, Lubbock observes, 

 that as yet we are only acquainted with the females, 

 though probably parthenogenesis is much the com- 

 monest form in them. 



* " Zur Kenntniss des Generationswechsels und des Partheno- 

 genesis bei den Insecten." 1858. This work was briefly analyzed 

 in the " Bibliotheque universelle de Geneve," 1859. 



t Ibid. 1861. 



X By Milliere, for two species forming a new genus akin to the 

 Zeignes (Ann. de la Soc. Linn, de Lyon, 1857), and by M. Bar- 

 thelemy in Chelonia caja and Sphinx euphorbia? (Annales des 

 Sciences naturelles, 1859). 



