DESCRIPTION pI 
meters has it grown each year? Compare the growth of 
last year in several twigs. Is it the same? 
The smaller buds along the side of the twig are 
called lateral buds. Is there any definite relation in posi- 
tion between buds and leaf-scars? Lateral buds develop 
into branches. Do they all develop? Are the branches 
of horse-chestnut opposite or alternate? Does the ar- 
rangement of the branches depend upon that of the 
leaves? Why? Sketch the last two years growth of 
your twig (x1) and describe it in your notes. 
Study the beech twig as you did the twig of the 
horse-chestnut, using the same outline. Draw and de- 
scribe the last two years’ growth. 
The dandelion is a so-called stemless plant. Pull 
one up by the roots, and remove the leaves one by one, 
beginning at the bottom. Does the plant have a stem 
according to the definition of stems? If so, how long 
is it? How old is the plant studied? 
As soon as the pea grown in the culture fluid is 
large enough, study the stem. Is it cylindrical? How 
thick is it at the bottom; near the top? Does the plant 
have lateral buds? Note the terminal bud. Is it pro- 
tected by scale leaves? Ji not, why-not? ‘The feaves 
are compound. (See Bergen, Elements of Botany, pages 
g1-93.) Are they opposite or alternate? Can the stem 
support itself? Is there anything gained by having the 
stem so small at the bottom? 
Study the stem of a climbing bean or morning glory, 
following the outline for the study of the pea stem, and 
ascertain, if possible, how it climbs. 
