EXPERIMENTS a 
the raphe, and at the end of this ridge a slight elevation, 
the chalaza. The castor-bean has two cotyledons which 
are very thin and leaf-like. They are surrounded by 
endosperm. No notes will be called for on these seeds, 
but you will demonstrate the results of your study on 
each variety to the instructor, and make sufficient draw- 
ings on your cards to represent the structure. Put the 
drawings of the pea on a card by itself. 
Outside the laboratory study as many other seeds as 
you can conveniently get, e. g., apple, pea-nut, cherry, 
orange, etc. No notes or drawings will be called for on 
these seeds. 
Literature. 
Spalding: Introduction to Botany.............. ccc cece eee 13-19 
Gray: Lessons and Manual of Botany........... 117-125, 125-128 
Rood.) BOtAM YANG) WIOTISO. 6:6 o's s.ibiw ee oe EUs olrele wileteta eee ale 58-60 
Exp. 2: Plant ten peas in moist sawdust, in a flower 
pot. Cover the pot with a glass plate, and keep it on 
your table in a temperature of about 22 degrees C, 70 de- 
grees F. Study the development of the peas from day 
to day. As soon as the radicle breaks thru the testa, 
draw one of the peas and the same pea again when the 
plumule breaks thru. These drawings of the pea and 
those that follow are to be put on the card which con- 
tains a drawing of a soaked pea. When working with 
seedlings always keep them in water as much as pos- 
sible and handle them with great care. After the radicle 
of the pea, which was drawn, is about 1.5 cm. long, 
select two other peas with radicles also about 1.5 cm. 
long. From one of these carefully remove one coty- 
ledon and from the other both. Ask the instructor for 
