Mawtx 2, \m:\ 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



93 



Ti v., is v.ii lioui doubt this absolute negative statement of 

 f-u'li isltilfei in '-! .atot r: ■scillaiu-.ani win: h for ti !. ,• 



iime. discouraged further investigation: 

 and allowed what had already been die 

 as doubtful, as finally to be forgotten 



Ixi'itlikc "I Konioberg. in hi- 



the eel question] 

 ivefed to be regarded 

 So -when Professor 

 RatMce, oi EoDigaberg, in Ids assiduous Inbora upon the re- 

 productive organs of flakeg, in the year 1834, describing the 

 ov.ui'-, of the ecl as two cuff and collar sbapedorgans on both 

 sides "i Hie backbone, and in the year im;!s described them as 

 new. lie was everywhere id Germany (and to a large i Men to 

 Ui. present day) rosaxded as th^ discoverer, Thenret picture 

 oi the ovary after that of Mondini, and the first microscopical 

 i n eggof theccl.Hohubaum-Horntohucli presented 



' " should be 

 endure of 

 ties of the 

 stim-l con- 

 Ian article 



le "black do 



mem: 

 little 

 arrives in 

 sent to if 

 in layers o 

 and can t 

 remote pa 



in a dissi rtatfau published in 1843 -a papt c which 

 rightly considered as of great Unportaace in the li 

 this quesgon. The questions concerning the ova 

 Bel may be regarded as haviug been broughl toa d 

 elusion by Ratliki', who in the year tS5b, puhJislie 

 u'hg a griyvH Eemalo eel, the firs) andonlygi 

 men which had, up to that time, come into the h 

 investigator. '" 



|T0 BE CONTIKL'ED. | 



ids of 



Upon ihe tiavs ready for taSmsportation to the developing I various conditions we may find, but we are now turninc the 

 House, They are there placed under running water which insects into smelts and n'linn 

 flows over and under them day and night until the eyes of the i redhorse and suckers, and the 

 -Vl ^an be seen without the help of a lens, like two other valuable varieties of vet 

 s the point of a needle. This period I hear some one say. "I do nr 



out sixty days, 'the eggs are then ready to be are poor food, and the buffa 



different subscribers. They are carefully packed carp and smalt are too rant 



auze netting, resting on sort beds of Samp moss, speculative." VerV Well, mv 



tl be sent all over the United States, and even to these fish a 

 of the world like Australia. Penobscot salmon water vege 



laming in Australian rivers, whore no salmon I suits wo wc 

 was planted at the creation; when; no salmon was eve,- one of the 1. 

 known until the eggs of the Penobscot salmon were sent ot 

 and hatched in those Waters, and the little fish there carryin 

 cut the instincts of its own machinery and wants, went d'ow.. 

 into the ocean, and thence hack to the place that first saw its young bliss he ti 

 biith, and thus was established a colony of Maine salmon in stiff, sharp-pom 

 Australian waters. I very nearly ta 



After the eggs aro all taken from the fish, their numbers | finds onlv the 

 ascertained, which is readily done, as each tray holds in a I further a'rgtimoi 

 single iaycr covering its entire wire surface, a certain number, | and take To I la 

 say two thousand each; counting the trayB in use gives an ac- I natural food spar 



ritil the 



ppetit, 



ch better than the insci 

 i for human food; but 

 tains at— they are still 

 ean bass, which has bee 



. buffalo, 



11' a. the n- 



Soinc day 



deter 



• t.i 



ti 



live 

 chan 



of tin 



•It . 



fOOd. Hi 



ly. for i.h 



fins I ii: 

 ie has gorged h 

 s of the new. 



i henceforth fori 

 i took the old. c 



labor and. pa 



p of the 

 I oi the 

 e,, have 



leeds no 



the. bass 

 noxious, un- 

 ■f taking 



He 



Fisbtkg in lxi.\xr> Waters.— Cfonconijnjg the California 

 trout which have been put. out in New York waters, Beth 

 Green writes from Rochester to Mr. Ohas. F. Imbrie, of the 

 firm of Abbey & Imbrie. this city: "The fishing in the inland 

 wai'i-swill be better this year "than last, and Within three 

 years you will hear the greatest howl over the California 

 trout thai has been heard for years. They spawn in the 

 Spring and hate), i„ a f,. w day-, and will till our streams so 

 full that our followers will have to enlarge their baskets." 



curate count of the. eggs; the books aro made up, the expense ; made him do so. This caused his former small tai^. , 



per thousand calculated, and the number of eggs each sub . condition; and because he took the voim- ba-s for < 



sr nber is entitled to is the number of times that, the cast per ' have a reason for their former scarcity The eating of t b 



thousand wdl go into the sum of money each subscriber con- soft-rayed tinned fishes is a luxury, and their pletitiinhi, 



■ tn *, lte(1 - sure* him a full meal with but little labor, and with the? 



the number ot salmon bought this year was five hundred ditions he will soon grow in size and fatness while the i 



and thirteen. One hundred and forty -six of these died from ■■ nity given to the young bass will soon cans,- the waters t-< 



with them. So 'we can evolve our bass, wall-eyed 

 salmon, brook trout and other valuable fish from the i 

 the. infusoria, the vegetation and other sources of fo 

 simply furnishing missing links. 

 Is there anything further we. may do upon the ground, or 



Reel Ftttixgs.— Hi our last, issue in a reply to a corres- 

 pondent who wanted something new in a way to hold his 

 reel to the rod, we overlooked the fact that our advertising 

 columns contained an illustrated patent reel plate and rod 

 trimming by Thomas II. Chubb, Post Mills. Vermont, and 

 another by George Hancock, North Adams, Mass., to whose 

 advertisements our inquirer is referred. 



THE SALMON WORK IN MAINE. 



THF following is an extract from the report of the Com- 

 missioners of Fisheries and flame of the State of Maine, 

 i or 1881: 

 For the benefit of such of our citizens as take an interest, in 



injuries supposed to have been caused bv the rude dip net used 

 by the fishermen transferring the fish from the pound of the 

 weir to the boats in which they are delivered at the works, 

 tfqur Were never accounted for, possibly killed by otter or 

 mink. In the fall, one hundred and thirty-one males and two 

 hundred and thirty-! wo females were captured and placed in 

 the,tanks. 



The Penobscot, river being the only river on the Atlantic 

 coast of the United States where salmon are left in sufficient 

 numbers to afford a supply of salmon ova to the country, it is 

 deserving of all the protection and care that the State and the 

 city of Bangor can afford it. 



We give below the contributions to the Penobscot salmon 

 breeding establishment controlled by Sato and National Gov- 

 ernment, at Bucksport and Oriand for the year 1S81: 



Maihe, 



Massachusetts, 

 Connecticut, 



United States, 



.•s:.',i)(M).00 Share of eggs, 1,080,000 

 500.00 

 800.00 



1,757.34 



^OiOOO 

 163,000 



pike, 

 lsect. 



Hi by 



950,000 

 2,462,000 



pjsc4fiul1 



taking our sain 

 the r'nitedStau 

 to their constn 



the contr. : ,,; ' 



missioner of ETisl 



for the ('. S. Coi 



fit to contribute 



amount of his subscripts 



the weir fisherman at the 



when it is lawful to take i 



chases are just so many fi 



ber lieu may die from b 



the weirs. The fish are < 



the W( irs, being fresl 



ported in boats caretnllv prepared t, 



injuring- themselves, as also to furnisl 



.11 give a short account of the method of 

 on eggs. The Salmon Works are owned bv 

 ;and such individual States as contributed 

 ■tionand arrangement. The whole is under 

 ir. Charles G. Atkins, Assistant U.S. Com- 

 aries. Each subscriber, whether Prof. Baird 

 imission. or such of the other States as see 

 dividend of eggs according to the 

 . The fish are purchased alive of 

 aarket rate per pound, at the time 

 imon, and all that Mr. Atkins pur- 

 saved to the State, less the num- 

 ises received in taking them from 

 .hen first taken from 

 and have to bo trans- 

 protect the fish from 

 them with continued 



ifr. 



Olc 



change, of aerated water. The fish are transported several 

 miles Up a tributary of the Penobscot Rivfer into a stream of 

 water known as Dead Brook. About ninety rods of the 

 acre divided off by a secure and high fence made of 

 slats, allowing tree circulation of the stream; here the fish are 

 confined all through the summer and autumn up to the time 

 of spawning. The water varies in depth from two to fifteen 

 fleet. An abundant growth of water plants and overhanging 

 bushes affords shelter to the fish from the direct rays of the 

 sun, in deep pools Where the surface water will sometimes 

 indicate in the hottest days seventy-five or even eighty 

 degrees of heat. The bottom of the area of water where the 

 fish arc confined, has a deep deposit of mud, which is abso- 

 lutely essential, as otherwise the fish would cast their spawn 

 Wherever they could get, access to the gravel, and the objects 

 Of the ai ranrynionts for their voluntary capture be defeated. 

 The upper fence is across a breadth of some twelve feet of 

 Here is a small building furnished with all 

 ig the spawn, pans, pails, wire trays 

 transporting the eggs to the hatchery some 

 .nt, scales for weighing and measuring the fish 

 nooks to receive record of each fish, etc., etc. 

 cold weather of October approaches, the instinct 

 lace to deposit their eggs, and the fish 



;fo 



shallow 

 fcheapp 



and Ira 

 four miles distant, seal 

 and eggi 

 A- Hi 



dsvelo] 



LANDLOCKED SALMOS, 



Wc received from the Grand Lake Stream Landlocked 

 Salmon Breeding Works one hundred and fifty-eight thousand 

 eggs, for fifty thousand of which we are indebted to Prof. 

 Baird. These eggs were hatched and distributed in Cold 

 Stream pond at Enfield, Maranocook at Readfield, Wilson's 

 pond in Auburn, and Rangeley lakes. The landlocked salmon 

 planted in previous years have proved a, success, and have 

 been taken at Cold Stream pond in Enfield, Wilson's pond in 

 Auburn, Webb's pond in Weld. Also several have been taken 

 in the Androscoggin River, at the mouth of Webb's River at 

 Dixfield. Every year they are now taken quite frequently in 

 Rangeley waters. This fish is a very valuable acquisition to all 

 waters where there are large running streams affording them 

 facilities for breeding, and which seem as necessary to their 

 perfect development as to the sea salmon. As a pond fish, 

 without these accessories, it will prove a failure. Maine is the 

 only State that possesses a sufficient stock of this rare fish, to 

 afford its ova to be taken for distribution to other States. An 

 establishment in its conduct, and arrangement similar to the 

 sahnon works at Oriand and under the same superintendent, 

 is successfully carried on at Grand Lake s?ream in our State. 

 As this is strictly an inland fish, which does not migrate to the 

 sea, and cannot be taken in sufficient numbers for breeding 

 purposes, excepting during the breeding season, a special per- 

 mit is granted to the superintendent to take the fish during 

 the close time, upon the condition, that the parent fish shall 

 be put back uninjured into the water whence taken, and that 

 twenty-five per cent, of all the ova taken shall be hatched and 

 distributed in the same waters. 



As a matter of interest to the. reader, we give below a list of 

 the contributors for 1881, with the dividend of eggs to each 

 subscriber: 



Maine, 



New Hampshire, 



Massachusetts, 



Connecticut, 



United States, 



$800.00 



250.00 



500.00 



500.00 



1,450.00 



60,000 



50,000 



100,000 



100,000 



290,000 



leave the dee]) wat 

 move up against 



t'here they ha\e rested all summer, and 

 he current," until stopped by the fence 

 opposite t be house, Some twenty feet below the fence, a net 

 ig stretched across the stream, "with au opening midway, 

 arranged something like the entrance to a mouse-trap, 

 through this the lislfall enter and are prisoners. These are 

 dipped, out in nets, the sexes divided off, and placed in float- 

 ing tanks anchored to the shore, ready for use from day to 

 day as they are required, A good deal of skill acquired bv 

 practice combined with natural aptitude, is required to 

 handle, hold and spawn the fish. The eggs arc received in a pan 

 tike an ordinary milk pan: then a male fish is taken from the 

 tank, and by much the same, process as in handling the female 

 fish, a small quantity of milt is ejected into the pan which is 

 turned and kept in motion until every egg is seen to be 

 i iv the milky fluid. The. eggs wliich at, first were 

 adhesive, clung to the pan. and to each other, now change 

 color, become separate and individual bodies like buck Bhot. 

 They are now washed in several waters, and then spread 



600,000 

 In conclusion we would suggest to any anglers taking a, 

 landlocked salmon in waters stocked by the Commissioners of 

 Fisheries, that they carefully return them back. In this way, 

 we may expect in a few years to see good salmon fishing in 

 our inland waters, and while we are on this subject, allow us 

 to ask the aid of all our citizens in preventing the destruction 

 of the young sea salmon by boys. We do not wish to be under- 

 stood that they are wantonly destroyed, but from actual ignor- 

 ance that they arc young salmon. Indeed, they are some- 

 times sold as trout. They may readily be distinguished as 

 having minute and bright red spots, dark cross bars, and are 

 often mistaken for trout. 



rather water", we have just gone over? Let us see." Supposes 

 when we pulled the weed, we found no insect life, bu1 we 

 knew that in an adjoining water the same Weeds were alive 

 with insects. How easy to carry a stem oi the wed with its 

 insects from the one to the other; and where is the housewife 

 that has seen the one solitary fly of >pringt hue grow into 

 millions before the frosts of winter, that could not foretell 

 what the transplanting woidd soon accomplish: or, again, if, 

 when we dip our paddle into mud. we find instead of a soil full 

 ►of infusoria, a rich but barren muck or marl, in which the in- 

 sect-beeriug weed thrives, how easy to transplant au insect- 

 covered weed and thus furnish a source of supply for both 

 weeds and insects : or if, instead of the proper soil, we found 

 only sand or gravel, we could still introduce the proper soil 

 itself. Thus, if we found only ban-en water, with a sand or 

 gravel bottom, we could introduce the proper soil, the weed, 

 the insect, the smelt and the bass, successively,— B. F. Shaw, 

 before Fai-nier's Institute of Imoa. 



SALMON IN SCOTLAND. 



\ PRIVATE letter from Mr. A. W. Armisteacl, the gentle- 

 ^\- man who brought over the turbot and soles to America 

 last season, informs us that he soon sails for South Africa, fit 

 relation to the spawning of salmon he writes: 



The River Firth Fishery Board have sent down w-.n] to ml 

 brother that the salmon are now up spawning, so be is going 

 this week to try for some — we have earlv and late spawners in 

 the Firth, some' spawn October and November, and then fitere 

 is another run iu January. Forest axo Strkam has iusi ar- 

 rived now while I am writing. A new fine of steamers I think 

 wdll run before long from Milford Haven to New York to 

 make the passage in about six and a half days— this might: be 

 worth noting down perhaps, in case- another attempt is'made 

 with the soles and turbots. Must not add more— must write, 

 you again before sailing. My brother will do anything he can 

 in connection with the sole and turbot experiment . 



A. W. Armistead. 



CARP IN GEORGIA— Mr. A. A.Wright, of Georgia, writes: 

 "I have carp weighing from six to eight pounds, two and three- 

 years old, and they have a nice palatable flavor, aud from ex- 

 perience with other fish they suit our Southern waters better 

 than any r I have tried. All our Germans here arc advocates 

 of carp. 



Ratbke aor Holmlmn 



a it 



ornschucl 



l nor Schluser have mentioned his 



work. S. \i'U.,ii. in 



bis 



KkumLua 



visl: Fauna. IKW. savs nothing of 



Mondini. Be mentio 



i"d 



e Hie fir 



rt discoVerer of the" ovaries 0. F. 



Muller, v! : 



ai h 



s "Histoi 



•>: Manrelle dc Poissons. ' assigning 



the honor t 





e. T'.i v. 



m Siebold is the first to a-uanniee 



iu his work, pnblishec 







rfiscbevOT MiftelEuropa. 



n -■ • Uiat MoikI.i 

 •and independently (V 







imporaneously with O. F. Mullet, 







ovaries of the eel. The 



i i id-, a ; was disebvet 







zoologists later than hy those of 



Germany, arose from 







be announcement of Mailer's dis- 



eovery was printed L 







ll ■•< .v., mlar;. which was made m 



1'flT, was first printed 









in Bathke. who firs 







b detail described (lf»4, 



is;-, and ISfiOHheova 







1. is considered by some to have 



reeosnized them; but 







: ,;••. the additions made 



bv hiim in Uondinfs i 







n- to a great extent -, roneous. It. 



is not tin,- thai ii, • tr 





se leaflets 



are wanting in the ovaries of the 



eol as h,-a--- ■:- ill ii 







Mltrary to his former description. 



- nrobably 1 







aw of analogy, and thai thereby 



they are distil 





rottl the 





a Kathke lik 







that thegenltai opening of tl 1 



co tsist ■ ,,' two small 









it is in the in 







-.1....1 o,,. ,. .... 



nulcoexacl ■ 









DOG RACING. 



THE staid inhabitants of the "City of Brotherly Love" oc- 

 casionally indulge, in a Utile decorous recreation. Last 

 week it was a. dog race. The Philadelphia Tims gives us a 

 synopsis of some of the hea.ts as follows: 



Watch and Park's Dash were prepared for a start. Watch, 

 a half-breed Newfoundland, being the largest dog, had to run 

 the full course, 175 yards, and Dash, a setter, was given :'A 

 yards start. At those points the dogs were held in slip, while 

 their masters, after allowing them to smell a live rabbit and a 

 pigeon, ran towards the end of the course. Ten or a dozen 

 yards from the end the owners of the docs stopped, the pistol 

 went off and the dogs stai ted. Watch made a bee line in, 1, ;-- 

 master, but Dash wanted blood, tend instead of racing toward 

 home turned and charged full tilt upon his rival. The doss 

 rolled over and the crowd yelled with ejeitenaenfe but an in- 

 stant later Watch struck his feet and, reaumini ; i fcafce 

 darted on toward his master, followed savagely by |>a=h' 

 Watch crossed the string first in 17 v; second-', 'but' h ,,.; I, 

 second later the defeated dog was on top of thi vie dj and 

 feeding on his left ear. The dogs were separated amid the 

 cheers of every one except the owners of i 1 ""- m , 



Jones' Nell, 'Smith's Just in Time and Hicks' Spr.it were the 

 starters in the second heat, the first namet 

 scratch. 



They started evenly. Sport, a lurcher, that is t 



been a clever racer in years gone by, soon pushed to the front 



with Nell six yard-, before Just in Time when the first hun- 



The crowd yelled, "Sport wins!" and 



lOrt," but before the first shout died 



'dently attended dog race., bi for 



lurcher passed him. The dog half 



nd swerved momentarily, but 



10 -b «m«™ n was . allowed Nell 



ml of Sport, who 



he 

 ud to have 



Spc 



e call ( 

 ef thoi 



i bhi 



NATURAL FOOD FOR FISH PONDS. 



IN order to stock our waters intelligently it is necessary 

 more fully to study the character of every- lake, pond, 

 river, reservoir or other waters in regard to its character and 

 capacity to produce fish. What is its temperature, what does 

 it now produce in the way of lish, and what would bo better 

 suited to it? What are its present productions— vegetable, , .. 

 infusorial or insect, life— that will furnish food for fishes; and I dred yaras 

 what of these that, if introduced, would find a suitable home. ' "Twenty to 

 To make plainer what I mean, let us examine one of our i away a mai 

 smaller lakes. We find a few bass and wall-eyed pike, but we gave a shar] 

 find them in. small numbers, of small size, lank, lean, and with halted in rs 

 a ravenous look. These facts give, us evidence that, while the that halt an 

 water is suited to produce these valuable fish, the food on to flash pas 

 which they live and thrive is wanting in then- haunts. They seemed tort 



are carnivorous. They live almost wholly upon minnows, and I and tail guiltily when he approached his master Thcni. 

 these we will find almost, if not entirely ,'wanting. In our ex- ' pected result of this heat broug lit- rhe e seitement ii o to a fever 



Elorations we find a bed of water plants. We pull one up and heat. Nell ran her 1U5 yards in r ,-, , i.i \; .',', . joe'Buck 

 nd it covered from end to end with small insect life— too ; ley and Cartwright's Old Spring raced forthe nextheatiri 

 small to be of any use to the carnivorous iishes, but precisely i good style, but the latter, who had the best of fchel aidici ■ 

 what would delight: the stomach of a smelt and make him a I pinsc, won bv several yards. 



fish paradise. We introduce the smelt. He lives, thrives and Tyler's Let Me Go.' Johnson'.. Bess and Davis 1 Nelly came 

 grow--, and in a short time the waters will be swarming next, and the first mentioned won SO quicklv and with an oh 

 wit h young smelt. We dip up a paddle full of mud from the ease that the spectators could hardly believe t'lvir'eves She 

 bottom of the lake and we find it filled with small red worms is perfectly trained, and in slip she. kept "her V^es fixed "on 



ow that this is the | nothing but her master at the other end of the course with • 

 We at once intro- rabbit in his bands. She went off with the pistol shot by her 

 rich banks of mud ' rivals like an arrow and had finished h,--r p art in'the race Bo- 

 ld, turning- his tail , fore they were fairly going. She won the final heatand handi 

 tself with the por- cap with even greater ease than she did rli,- iii--t trial" '-'o 

 on which he fives I amazed were the spectators at her speed and the. 'straight- 



ie aire immnri* ,,P , ne^ ,,t V.^r cm-,. t-n.o +!-»,.,-. !V.,.,,.~+ ,-.-, i,o-.. ,1... 4.! - .. ... . 



I the t-f-'Cn, aad contrasting them with the fatty formation 

 and with the ovaries and eggs oi osseous fish." (Syrskb, 



and other forms of infusorial life 



food of the buffalo, red horse and 



dice a tew large buffalo. He find 



and infusoria much sooner than we 



to the surface of the water, he sfloi 



tion of the bank richest in that not 



and thrives Soon we. shall haves 



young and many large buffalo. 



tender water vegetation. We kn< 



and other vege; able-feeding fish 1 



introduce the carp, He finds a happy home, He grows and 



rear.- hi> millions of young carp fry — estimated as high as 



300,000 for a five-pound" fish. 



We kn 



icker. 



these 

 could, a 

 i fills bin 

 irishmen 



dded to the lake millions of I ness of her course that the v'forJof to fake'th" f'lee or thclast 

 Again, we find varieties of two heats, 

 iw that, upon this the carp 

 • "d thrive. We at once 



PUBLISHERS' DEPARTMENT. 



The American Arms Company, of Boston, Mass., a b I i ■ 



barreled, seml-hummerless gun, which thej-turnish 

 So we can go on to almost indefinite lengths and utilize the | The firm is well known in eohnectjoh nritn the f-x : , nm . 



