332 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



PIat 25, 1882. 



expensive than in continental countries. Not only is this 

 objection valid, but a still more serious one is the uncertainty 

 of the "set" of sprit which h.:u .-ni.-Ji en .hi v sort of natural 

 or artificial Quitch fa sortie seasons the collectors will be 

 dvercrowded, in others no spat will be found to adhere 



Thesniii" ■ -:• -i ■ i.-i i • oi risk is encountered in the use of old 

 oyster shells as oultob. for the spat, and) na I have been told 

 by oystenneu, several thousands Of dollars' -worth of shells 

 may be Strewn upon good oyster bottom on which not a single 

 WUi be found to adhere, thus involving a loss of both 

 material ana Labor. I do not see that any method in which 

 tOes or mortar-covered slates are use/3 will be a particle more 

 ikc.lv to afford a nidus for spat than old shells, or the cheapest 

 kind of eultch, except in some places where the latter is liable 

 fco.be aoverod with mud or" sediment. 



Tin's uncertainty of result can, it appears to the writer, be 

 overcome by a totally different method of procedure, like that 

 already outlined, We must have the temperature of the 

 water and conditions of the artioially fertilized and confined 

 embryos under control. The uncertainty which has hitherto 

 attended ostraculture must disappear in the lace of intelligent 

 •experiment, anil it is to be imped thai in a lew vears more we 

 °WUl hear of oyster nurseries or incubating establishments in 

 successful operation where millions of spat will be annually 

 bred from artificially impregnated eggs to be sold as seed to 

 planters who will enter upon the business of ostraculture on 

 an entirely new and scientific basis, 



[TO BE CONCJ.iroED.'l 



REPORT OF THE NEW HAMPSHIRE COM- 

 MISSION. 



TH E Fish Commission of New Hampshire is, like that of 

 a Commission on Fish and Came, and wc have just 

 received their report for 18SI-S. We will, in this place, only 

 take nit the portion of it which treats of the lisheries. 



They report that in l0 yearsinee the openiugof the Mor- 

 rimae River for the ascent of migratory fish have so mauv 

 miliiion pas^.d the. tishways at Lawrence and Lowell, and 

 reached the waters of New Hampshire, as in the past year. 

 Lawrence is the only place at which anything like a fair esti- 

 mate of the. number which pass through the fishways can be 

 made. Here the water is.shnt oil' for twenty minutes twice 

 a dayduringthe ran. Last summer the tirst salmon was seen 

 June i. and from this date to the last of Julv, when the last 

 one was seen, seventy-two were counted. Considering that 

 the fish move more at night than by day, and that more 

 water Bows 1 I.rmiyh the fishways at night, when the mills are 

 closed, the Commissioners feel wan-anted in believing that 

 many hundreds, and possiblv many thousands, of salmon 

 ascended thi Memman in the season of 1881. 



Mr. Powers, who is Commissioner and Superintendent of 

 the hatchfery, repot ( 3 that the nn.n.i i e ;; e> of salmon mentioned 

 in his lust report hatched with a InssolS percent. In Decem- 

 ber ISSti, and January 1--1 he received -l-1!>,.,(K) eggs of the 

 A 1 1-. niiesnln „.i,.. v...,,,/,,,-, tVom Buekport„Mo. This year twenty- 

 live salmon h: he hatchery (IVmigewa-s'et 

 luver) carving in weight from eight to twenty-two pounds; 

 twelve wrvi' females aiid i'.'e.d'u eggS were secured from 

 > hem. Last winter the trout pond was frozen over and mink 

 tunneled under the snow and ice, and took over half the 

 lire-.,. in.-; Qsh before he knew it. By November 15, 1881, he 

 had taken 110,0(10 trout eggs. 



Prof, Baird sent SQ,Ot)0 pggs of California Salmon, but they 

 were injured in transportation and only l'O.OIK) were hatched 

 and placed in the Pemigcwasset. JNo further attempt will be 

 made with this fish. Experiments have been made with land- 

 locked salmon, but it is too soon to look for results. Some 

 rainbow trout have been planted, but 11 is also too early to 

 speak of them. Black bass have become vcrv numerous since 

 the first planting in I Sis. : - ( , u i [ iav „ been placed in more than 

 eighty different bodies of water; 



The attempt to Cultivate carp has not been encouraging so 

 far North, as they require water of a higher temperature than 

 the ponds ,,f New Hampshire. A.- correct list of Qsh commis- 

 sioners and the annual addresses by Rev. A- H. Quint, D.D.. and 

 W. W. Golburn, before the New Hampshire Fish and Came 

 League al it- annual meeting, A.prU.4, l»:.', in which some in- 

 teresting historical facts are given, close the report. 



§he fennel 



FIXTURES. 



BENCH SHOWS. 

 Julie 6, 7, 8 ami ft. ( 'lev, -land. ()., First- Animal Bench Show of the 

 --- Association. Charles Lincoln, Superintendent; 



* 'FIELD TB.TAT.B: 



Septeuiher-Nationa! \n;rri--.o> K-i.nel rial. Kiel,! Trials on Prairie 

 rahia, Teiin., Seerci.-irv. 

 t,-* .'. i -i,,!. i,s..ia t..S.,i 



Cleveland Be 



CM. Jluifliatl, S--.-1V!,- 



Chickens, 



Grand Junction, Ton 



'lull Field Trials on Quail, near 

 rite tortile I.icrliy i-lese .July I. For the AH- 

 t.i!:e. November l. Y. N. Hall. P. O. Box 884, 



J American Kennel C'lul. FioM Trials ou Quail, 

 D. BrjgOo, MsmpMs, Tciut., Secretary. 



THE DOG. 

 His History and Qualities. 



BY SEXEX. 



IT is a matter of tip little astonishment to me that the dog, 

 who is more the universal favorite of man than any of the. 

 lower orders of creation, should no( havefouhd more gifted 

 and willing pens among his myriads ot admirers Ear back in 

 the pas ages to trace out his earliest history, his line of 

 descent, etc., etc., with all the complei mess and detail which 



The horse, the m-'st. important to man of all animals that 

 are used as boast? of burden and of draught, has received his 

 full share of attcjit ion from his fond admirers in all countries 

 of the earth; his history and achievements from the remote 

 ages, both for riding and for drawing carnages, as well as for 

 pomp and pleasure, i he phase and .•-■"-. liave become a> house- 

 hold words when-ver | Ic.nowii and recognized. 

 "Tell me," says Button, "the horse of a people and I will tell 

 you its moral's and Inst it ut to 



Mr. Tousseud. in his ".Passional Zoology; 1 ' looks upon the 

 horse as the personification ' ; of the aristocracy of mood; of 

 the warrior caste, '•■■ bias] must pass 



Whue I cheerfully i ;d all to this dignified animal that 



his warm and eulogistic advocates cloimfor him, I cannot 

 but accept the excellent and trite Observation of the last- 

 named author, "that tin better we know man the more we 

 learn to honor and e teem the dog." In his delightful treatise, 

 translated bv Dr. Lazarus, Mr. Toussend Shows with remark- 

 able vividness the into Hi ites and the relation.-, it 

 bears to the in;-:: . low, Mr. Tcfussend was a 

 true gentleman and a - ■ " i o ui the highest order ot 

 excellence, He belonged to the school of Ocrard and Cuni- 

 : althouHi an ard.at and iirm trend of the dog, he 

 being a theoretic 

 defierof I faults as a 

 writer, his singular and son c disposition, his 

 genius and philosophy Were d 



of the canine i.- and that tic m. .; ■■.■ .iM be ... 



becomo, asit were a par! of i i -. in- "titled mm 



exclusively in fiicndLsta,' ■ -sessmg arfections 



of the major mode." Better than anv uatm-ahst that ever 

 wrote before him, for lie. sought to unfold the inner attributes 

 of canine nature and raise, t hem to a higher plane, he describes 



the dog as C( led in "eve rvsociep. like ou-sin individual 



property, the vigilant guardian and heroic defender of what 

 is called public order and property." "When a citizen." Bays 

 he. "with hoarse voice and tattered garments has a look 

 suspicious for property, the dog stops him rudelv to ask his 

 passport. But as the majority has its principles the minority 

 also has its own, and both have their dogs, whom they have 

 taught to venerate their institutions. The dog of the thief 

 "will then profess on matters of public order and commerce, 

 principles diametrically opposite to those of the magistrate's 

 dog. The dog discusses no questions of right; his duty is to 

 obey and keep quiet; ho obeys without niurmurinv. Ho 

 one of the finest conquests ever made by man. He is the. lirst 

 element of human progress, and without him, savs Toussend, 

 man would have been condemned to vegetate eternally in the 

 Umbos of the savage stats." With what au eccentricity of 

 genius, with what graphic powers of delineating the nobler 

 attributes of, t h - dog, has Toussend displayed in his power of 

 giving in a few sentences all the characteristics and values of 

 man's watchful and faithful companion. How toUChingly 

 sublime is his description of the dog s sympathetic intelligence 

 toward man in the station of slave and master, and what a 

 grand exposition of the reasoning power of brutes and the 

 relation it bears to the intellectual power of mau. 



If we compare the dog of the past, with all the distinguish- 

 ing attributes with which he has been clothed by some of his 

 enthusiastic eulogists, with the dog of the present dav, we 

 see that he is continually advancing in the plane of intelli- 

 gence and affection, which, fostered by careful education and 

 breeding, is making him more and more a valued part of 

 man's necessities. We Bee all around us those faithful glimpses 

 of superior attainments which, unfolding by steady culture 

 and higher reason, is fast elevating him to a more exalted 

 plaue of perfection than he ever before occupied. In our na- 

 tioual and other field trials, and indeed in the private trials of 

 the sportsman, we see the marked difference between the 

 carefully-bred clog and the one which is neglected in these im- 

 portant attributes. I have taken some pains to investigate 



sh certain dogs, under like ._ 

 far as 1 could discern, are endowed with 

 r aspirations, not only to do their masters' 

 to anticipate his purposes and plans. While 

 icomplish a given feat clumsily and niechan- 

 deal of effort by his trainer,' another, with 

 ".tion, catches the inspiration and perfi 



the causes by v.-l, 

 and conditions, si 

 keener and loftii 

 bidding, but even 

 one is taught to a 

 icaliy alter a grea 



scarcely any instruction, oatcnes me lnspin 

 the duty with a zeal and enthusiasm akin to superior intelli- 

 gence and innate perception. This was vividly brought to my 

 notice a few days ago, while visiting the kennels of Mir. Da- 

 vidson, of Monroe, Michigan ; for when comparing the results 

 of his breeding and culture with others I have before, seen, I 

 was forcibly struck with the higher qualities of his dogs and 

 their superior intelligence as field dogs. The secret of this, I 

 believe, lies in the one great and important consideration, 

 that he accomplishes by kindness what others compel by the 

 lash, i have never seen a more obedient and bettor trained 

 kennel of dogs than he possesses ; and if such superior 

 qualities can be developed by culture and kindness, say I, 

 away forever with the spike collar and whip. Perhaps all 

 this can be attributed to careful breeding, looking to the 

 coupling together of intelligence rather than to the superiority 

 of physique or perfection of form. But I leave this question 

 to the consideration of breeders, whose practical observations 

 must go far toward the adjudication of this important sub- 

 ject. 



That the dog should by nature develop those superior 

 qualities of intelligence that belong to the higher grades of 

 culture, seems to depend upon his constant and close com- 

 panionship with man. Ho is present with us at the tirst dawn 

 of light, accompanies us from the cradle to the. grave, and 

 liv with us closely upon the footing of our fellow-man. 

 Notwithstanding this intimate relation to us, and ever faithful, 

 obedient ahd protective of our Interests, and zealously guard- 

 ing us even to the exposure of his own life, he has been typi- 

 fied by the uuappreciative by the most uncomplimentary 

 terms; and among such he has beeh the standing simihtude 

 for things that are mean and disgusting, the type of conten- 

 tiousness, avarice, filthiness, impudence and gluttony. This is 

 not to be wondered at, for they are those of our human be- 

 ings who delight in making their fellow-man miserable, who 

 take special satisfaction in imposing upon him bodily harm. 

 and torturing him in all manner of ways; for saith the poet — 

 "Man's inhumanity to man 

 Makes countless thousands mourn;" 

 and these are evils "which against another done, repentance 

 makes no satisfaction to him that feels the smart;" and from 

 such examples how can the poor dog hope to escape. But to 

 the everlasting credit of his friends, how earnestly and beauti- 

 fully has he been defended from these unjust aspersions, by 

 those who knew him better than his maligners, by those who 

 reason from a stand point of observation, and not from au 

 incensed spirit of malevolence and hatred, is the dOg called 

 filthy! He is much less so, says Mr. Blaze, "than certain men 

 of your acquaintance and niine." Is he called greedy I says 

 the same advocate, "1 should like to see you hungry and with 

 a single mess for your dinner, and have another attempt to 

 snatch it away." 



He has been accused of treachery by no less authority than 

 Saint Chrysostom, fawning on you, says he. "when you face 

 him and slyly biting you when your back is turned." This is 

 a libel upon his fidelity and other virtues, and corresponds 

 more closely with the "character of "many men of this de- 

 scription, but never a dog." Whenever treachery is discov- 

 ered in a dog, it is always the result of the master's perfidy, 

 rather than the creature's quality. Is he a thief? No: a 

 thousand times less so than man, for but teach 

 ence between mcuni and te.um and he is more El 

 tective of a trust conlidcd to him, than can be 

 of the lords of creation. He is too often madt 

 of man's cupidity, and has been compelled 

 suiter for the sins of others; ,'■,:■ i;. is Ins natur 

 erly directed, not only to prevent property fro 

 but like a faithful detective, to recover it when lost. "Talk to 

 me about a dog's want of loyalty to his master, a thousand 

 tunes more true is it that the master's perfidy has degraded 

 the higher attributes of the canine to his own sordid and des- 

 picable nature. For what dog, continually surrounded by dis- 

 jovah v and thievery, who has never known or been taught, 

 tlic difference between theft and honesty, who 3ees nothing 

 but the stealthy appropriation of property, docs not innately 

 possess more honesty than his master, and ■ 



im the dilfer- 

 bhftaandpro- 



it being Bl ■ ■'■ o 



I to 



He has suffe 

 uch as these, 

 oru : I ■:- bhe ii 

 inclean by the 

 a' the cud, he 

 dish to the Roman 



tdi 



than his maste 

 iple to his de< 



hie 



has be 



s f ron 



ali. 



. he has maintained his per- 

 i.ie friend Of civilization; though called 

 because not cloven-footed, or a cbewer 

 ,i--ii bv tie- Greeks-and became a delicate 

 In Chinaand other countries of the 

 Orient . he is fattened upon vegetables and sold at the public 

 hambles as flesh of most excellent quality and flavor. Even 

 in fashion-inventing Paris, his carcass is disposed of secretly 



a late writer, "the uututored savage has loft the distinction 

 to civilized nations." 



But of all the cruelties that a higher civilization has heaped 

 upon this faithful, unoffending friend ot aan, there is none 

 that will compare with the inhuman hm ish and useless habit 

 of making him a devotee to the cause of science. In the 

 interests of liumanu v, p.--h ap>. which is paramount to all 

 other earthly en- mil for the purpose of clucidat- 



ingsome great principle iu physiology or kindred subjects, 

 vivisection uuder certain restrictions and within proper 

 bounds, may be excusable in a limited way. To the philan- 

 thropist and scientific explorer of some hidden process, the 



discovery of whi 

 ease and hold 

 vivisection ms 

 utmost regarc 

 investigation 

 hundreds and 

 that levitv am 

 operations, fo 

 ciple long sine 

 that carries 

 and stupendi 

 the light of scienc 



nay unfold the mysterious avenue to dis- 



lity the bright rea !;/..i tii i 

 k1, but it should be dot! 

 -, and be confined to t: 



f health. 



,dth the 



strictest- 

 butcher 

 in. with 



.rk these 

 a prin- 



,-itli it, : 



ler purpose than to i 



m and determined, oi 



o new benefit to humanity, ifi B wiottefi 



itnatioa that cannot be justified either in 

 , avaihil.ilitv, or humanity. All the dis- 

 coveries that ever were brought to fight by these cruel, bar- 

 barous and merciless inflictions are unwort'iv : . best I against 

 a fraction of the sufferings and agonies of it- thousands of 

 martyrs. I am rejoiced to know that England, ever in the 

 vanguard of progress and reform in evervthiuur that pei'talns 

 to the interests of her citizens, has enacted a law i bat virl uallv 

 puts a stop to this unholy and unfeeling crusade against- the 

 rights of animals. It is a fact that cannot be .-ucccssfullv 

 controverted, that the medical man, to his eternal shame be 

 itsaid, of all others, has inflicted more unnecessary injury 

 upon the dog, through his monstrous experimentations, than 

 all other agencies combined. ' 



Tq wipe out this terrible dishonor in the past,, the profes- 

 sion should make atonement in the present, and seek repara- 

 tion for offences against the hecatombs of valuable Uvea' ruth 

 lessly and wantonly slaughtered, by grant ing the dog < orapleto 

 immunity in the future. Not content with immolating to 

 soience the living dog, his bones have been pulverized for 

 powders to cure the most obstinate of diseases; his flesh has 

 been distilled for a liquid of rare and extraordinary virtue; 

 his fat has been melted for ointments, and his saliva 

 into a medicine of transcendent curative power. Opened 

 alive, his intestines have been employed as an assuager of pain 

 and a healer of no doubtful efficacy. 



Popular credulity has been excited and played upon by 

 certain cnifty monks and other designing persons, to endow 



him with 

 the most offensive But 

 evil. Thus black dogs 

 said to be animals of e 

 cians and necroinanc 

 black being the ominc 

 cantations and the 

 charms, they were av 

 the evil one. On this 

 superstitious, avoided 

 by the credulous, an 

 kinds of punishments, 

 he held as his constan 

 dog, and so great was 

 animal, who believed 



and I 

 inline 



It is said of Oornelii 

 6 companion and closi 



the hatred of the pc 

 him to be the authi 



iltaeh to him 

 tral agencies for 

 the world were 

 )loyedby magi- 

 i '1'erriiis deedSj 

 r beast. By iu- 

 •:.- of spells or 



ani.lv form of 

 hivat'ed by the 

 i wicked spirits, 

 indergo various 

 is A-rippa. that 

 i friend a black 

 ■ iustthe 

 if all their ill- 



luck, disappointments and misfortunes, and in accordance 

 with the then almost universal notion that because In- was 

 black he was . a demon, he, Agrippa, was obliged to publish 

 that his dog had not only the appearance, but al 50 

 the habits of his species." Even at the present time, the visit, 

 of a dog draped in black to a neighboring retddbnee, is con- 

 sidered an unfavorable omen 

 I hope my cocker friends, who are running riot on the qucs- 

 lor blinded to all the attributes 



y coekt 

 dor. and 

 of this intelligent 

 not forget entire! 

 alone, but in thosi 

 adaptability that. 

 Every power and 

 statesman, -ays 1 

 an apprehension t 

 which its grade oi 

 cognizable to the 

 If your vary U 

 tained therein". 



little dog, save that of his :-,.i,v hue, «i|| 

 th.a the type is not m the sooted black 

 other excellent ■ | -overt 



make • i 1 1 ; h boui ensemble of- i he ■■ 

 degree of powfer, from a -team engine to a 

 oussend, has a form peculiar to itself, and 

 ■ at adapts to certain condit ions and uses by 

 character is made evident to the eye and 



s form, you vary the. power which, is opHp 

 reut but analogous values 



that suggest the different traits in the various species of the 

 canine race. 



Thus the bulldog, with his deeply wrinkled face, his protrud- 

 ing lower jaw, turned upwards and exposing his strong, pro- 

 jcctingtcet.il. bisnostrils expanded, suggest the peculiarities 

 of that species for pinning his game and makes him only ht 

 for the bloody arena of contention, or to bait the bear, the 

 bull or the lioh. 



The long, lithe body of the greyhound, the strength of back 

 muscle, and the unusual length from hip to hook denotes 

 flectness and elasticity of movement. 



The firm and closely knitted limbs of the setter, the upright 

 forelegs, the strong inward. Setting hocks, the full development 

 of muscle throughout, the straight feet and upright legs, -and 

 that character of body expression which give- strength and 

 elasticity, makes him the coveted friend of the spoi f-inan par 

 excellence. 



The low, short-legged, compact body of the spaniel, 

 with good loins, full bono, and possessing courage, en- 

 durance, quickness of movement and a lull Hat coat to with- 

 stand wet and cold, are some of the finer qualities that pre- 

 eminently fit this valuable dog for the thorny co 'i 1 an 

 tangled thickets that, are frequented by the woodcock and 

 partridge, 



lie modern hound, who possesses in an eminent 

 degree those re m a rk a b le n liable him to' mi- 



les of the chase, to distinguish between 

 ■nil! tin ruses eft i fugitive that is 

 aing devices, is the variety of dog 



rthe wily rabbit. 

 : the c.miue family that hold the 

 s, who fromalong and intimate 

 acquire a peculiar fondness for 

 -•it . which they treat thedr rough 

 attachment tliey display toward 

 tes. prove the possession of an 

 autiltd as it. is unselfish, 



he may be brought to any 

 simple observation alone 



ng the 



fertile in re$oi 

 best ritted for 



There aie o 

 position of household 

 familiarity with the fai 

 children. ' The gentlent 

 and rugged handlings, 

 their little infant plai 

 affection for mankind a 



By proper education and fcn 

 a oi trii-i w.-ri hiii,--. I., 



he soon learns to distinguish 

 those who have not a right to tl 

 yard kennel he very so 

 from the stranger, the habitual 



for h 



extended a formal san 

 flesh. I am told by : 

 dun n » the late meuic 

 much preferred the 



The Romans immola 

 him. because, say the'. 

 tJauis invaded their sa 

 of the inquisition. Th 



bidden h\ 

 to the 

 who t 



the 



■elincil traffic 



Of both kinds 



which 

 horse- 



paled 



those who hi 



premises, and in his court- 

 nates the occasional visitor 

 celt.- from the occasional 

 thief. How often have we 

 . ■- in- household eanin ■ pemntting occasional visitors 

 to enter within the house, that would fly at the app 

 tramp or sojourner with all the venom. ,,f a n Lnfuriateti 

 monster. And this is done oftentimes witnout his 

 training or the slightest regard to culture and pn 

 natural aud innate attributes of tln> dog tor the preservation 

 of the property committed to his keeping. 



- the 



lenee he must suffer the torments 

 be pardonable in a nation tired 

 by ignorance, superstition, dud cruelty, but to kill him through 

 absolute wantonness, is a blot upon humanity of which, says 



That 

 the hoi 



pel Oft 



pal'.elK 



■ that belongs more particularly to 

 .oid who from rime immemorial has been the 

 1 circle.it largels imbued with theattr 

 forbearance, rarely eanalled bj Ehose of the 

 1 have been frequent witness To h 



and punishment by children, wifbout the slightes i 



' -pleasure on hi* part, continuing his il u itii 



as if nothing unuBual had happoned, In o. 



