174 THE FLORIST AND 



Bark. The external covering which envelopes the stem, separable from 

 the wood. 



BracJiiate. When opposite branches diverge at right angles from the 

 stem, crossing each other alternately, they are said to be brachiate ; four 

 ranked, spreading in four directions. 



Branches. Primary ramifications of the stem. 



Branchlets. Subdivisions and small ramifications of branches. 



Brindilles. Same as the preceding. 



Bulhili. Small bulbs borne on the stems of some plants, as Lilies. 



Bulbs. Distinguished by Linnaeus, as leaf buds of the roots ; they con- 

 tain the embryo of a stem, surrounded by imbricated scales, the outer of 

 which are membranous, and cohere into a covering, as in the onion ; or con- 

 sist of distinct and separate pieces, as in the lily. 



Calumus. A term applied to fistulous, simple stems, without articulation, 

 such as those of rushes. 



Cambium. Elaborated sap ; a mucous viscid secretion found between the 

 bark and the wood. 



Caudex. Principal stem ; applied to the trunk of trees. 



Cauliculi. Small stems produced from buds at the neck of a plant, with- 

 out the production of leaves. 



Climbing stem. A stem which elevates itself by clinging to surrounding 

 bodies, by means of roots or tendrils which it produces. 



Coarcture, Collet, Collum. The line of division between root and stem ; 

 the collar or neck. 



Coma. Assemblage of branches forming the head of a tree. 



Corms. Solid, fleshy, depressed, subterranean stems. 



Corticate. Harder externally than internally; like bark. 



Creeping stem. Slender under-ground stem, which spreads horizontally ? 

 emitting roots and plants at intervals. 



Culm. Stem of grasses and similar plants. 



Decorticate, Excoriate. To divest of bark or skin. 



Dicliotomous. Divided in pairs; forked with two prongs* 



Dnmose. Low, and much branched. 



Duramen. The heart wood of trees, which becomes harder and deeper 

 colored than the rest of the wood. 



Endogenous. Growing by additions to the interior. Endogenous stems 

 have neither the pithy bark, or medullary rays, nor wood distinguishable ; 

 but all are irregularly arranged. Monocotyledonous plants produce endo- 

 genous stems ; the stems of palms afford an illustration. 



