HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 255 



Budded Roses are not suited to our climate. — In out-door culture, we 

 depend entirely upon layers of the current growth, put down as early in 

 July if practicable, though August will do. It is not always necessary, 

 but it is always best to nick or tongue the layers, and in clay or mucky soil, 

 to cover the part with clear sand, pegging down and mulehing with leaf 

 mould, or other material — also shading the plant for some days after the 

 operation ; we have found this better than excessive defoliation. 



Prairie Farmer. 



VINE DISEASE. 



We have just had an opportunity of examining two Vine Houses which 

 we think throw some light on the subject of the disease which has lately been 

 so prevalent in some parts of England. The Vines in the two houses are of 

 the various sorts, principally, however, Sweetwater and Black Hamburg, 

 and the one some weeks later than the other. Not the slightest trace of 

 disease is visible on any of the vines trained to the roof of the house, except 

 perhaps a slight pallid tint about the young laterals, to which, however, much 

 importance cannot be attached; the leaves on other parts of the trees are 

 quite as they should be, and the grapes themselves without spot or blemish. 

 In one of the houses, however, were about a dozen pots, containing Black 

 Hamburg and Sweetwater Vines, every one of which exhibited leaves cov- 

 ered on the under side with little green pustules; As the whole of the Vines 

 planted in the border were healthy, it became a matter of interest, to ascer- 

 tain the state of the soil and roots in the pots, and on examination they 

 proved to be badly drained ; a large portion of the roots, indeed, were dead, 

 in consequence of some former drought ; the new roots were unhealthy, and 

 the soil, though not absolutely water-logged, in an unfavorable condition. 

 "What, therefore we have suspected all along, seems to be verified, that in all 

 those cases in which the leaves are deformed with pustules, the root is the 

 seat of evil, and that the remedy must be applied there. 



The next point was to examine the structure of the excresences on the 

 leaves, which was impossible in the shrivelled, bruised specimens previously 

 submitted to inspection, and in every case it appeared that they were due 

 to an hypertrophy of the epidermal cells of the under surface, at the ex-- 

 pense of the spongy tissue above, by means of which the air is admitted 

 into immediate contact with the walls, and is thus enabled to act upon the 

 fluid which they enclose. The effect, therefore, must be, where the warts 



