— 45 — 



the gernrination of the spores of Musci and Hepaticae up to 

 1884, is brought together by Liudberg. i The summary is 

 not quite complete , as no mention is raade of the result 

 which Bovodin - obtained with spores of Polytrichum commune. 

 He found that they were unable to germinate in darkness. 

 The work of Müller-Turgau 3 on the germination of spores 

 and the production of secondary protonenma is also omitted. 



As regards the fern spores, the earlier investigators 

 made the assertion that light prevents their germination, as 

 is to be noted in the works of Senebier, Humboldt, 4 Ingen- 

 hauss, 5 and Treviranus. 6 More recent investigators as Kaul- 

 fuss, 7 Leszczye-Suminski, s Merklin, 9 Wiegand 10 and Hof- 

 meister 11 intimate that light is one of the necessary condi- 

 tions for germination, although no definite investigations in 

 in that line are mentioned. 



The first investigations of importance from the physio- 

 logical point of view are those of Borodin. 12 He experi- 

 mented with eight different species and found that in all 

 cases light was necessary for germination, and that in the 

 dark, no bursting of the extine occurred. His experiments 

 are lacking in one thing, since he does not State at what 

 temperature the cultures were kept. As shown by my own 

 investigations this is one of the most important points. Two 

 years later Göppert Vi succeeded in bringing the spores of Os- 



1 Historiska data Rörande var Kännedom om Moss-sporens groning. 

 Helsingfors, 1884. Rectorprogram. 



2 Bull, de l'acad. inip. de S. Petersbourg, 12:433—440. 1867. 



3 Arb. d. Bot. Inst, zu Würzburg, 1:475—499. 



4 Aphorismen, p. 90. 



5 Versuche mit Pflanzen II. 5. Abschnitt. 



6 Physiologie der Gewächse. 2. II. Abtb. 584. 1838. 



7 Das Wesen der Farnkräuter pg. 59. 1827. 



8 Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Farnkräuter p. 8. 1849. Berlin. 



9 Beobachtungen am Prothallium der Farnkrauter p. 5. 1850. 



10 Entwickelungsgeschichte der Farnkräuter. Bot. Zeitung. 7:17. 1849. 



11 Vergleichende Untersuchungen p. 78. 1851. 

 i 2 1. c. p. 529—541. 



13 Schmidt, Über einige Wirkungen des Lichtes auf Pflanzen, p. 21, 

 1870. Breslau. 



