— 18 — 



the stem were without effect. The material for growth was 

 evidently drawn from the stem, and when this supply was 

 cut off, the cells were not capable of independent growth. 



In order to determine whether the production of new 

 shoots and protonema was called forth by defoliation or not, 

 whole plants were placed in exactly the same conditions as 

 the defoliated stems. Regeneration by means of new shoots 

 occurred, but not in the abundance that was noted in the 

 defoliated stems, while no production of protonema occurred 

 and only occasionally rhizoids. The production of protonema 

 was then called forth by defoliation ; the formation of new 

 shoots was only accelerated by the defoliation. 



A fact which must be of importance to Funaria was 

 shown in the experiments in which whole plants and defoliated 

 stems were placed under earth at a depth of 3 mm. The 

 stems in both cases formed lateral branches which grew erect 

 from the stems which had been burried in a horizontal position. 

 After a lapse of two weeks these new shoots iirst made their 

 appearance above the soil. Considering the habitat of Funaria 

 the power of regeneration in this manner is of considerable 

 importance in nature, since the plants often become covered 

 with soil and would otherwise perish. 



The new shoots from the stem as grown in dark, were 

 about twice as long as in the light cultures, and the leaves 

 were much reduced in size. The cultures in the light showed 

 the new shoots to be strongly positively heliotropic. In the 

 dark the new shoots grew erect from the prostrate stems. 

 Stems were placed in a Petri-dish in the ordinary horizontal 

 Position, and the dish then inverted. The new shoots curved 

 around so as to grow upwards, showing them to be distinctly 

 negatively geotropic,. 



BRYUM C APILL ARE. 



The leaves of B. capillare show a very remarkable power 

 of regeneration. Cultures of the leaves were made the same 

 as for Mninum, and part placed in the light and part in the 



