— 15 — 



new shoots produced from the stem as well as those produced 

 from the leaves were distinctly positively heliotropic. By 

 reversing the leaf cultures from time to time after they 

 had reached the length of a few millimeters , the stem was 

 made to assume a zig-zag form due to the heliotropic 

 curvatures. 



lt may be noted here that the leaves generally formed 

 10 — 15 buds, but only two or three of these continued their 

 developnient to any considerable size. It has beeu already 

 noted, that leaves in which the bud production was prevented 

 by darkness, produced protonema from the apical portion of 

 the rhizoids when subjected to light. In case however the 

 normal production of buds direct from the leaf was allowed 

 to be carried out, the rhizoids did not produce any protonema 

 branches , and ceased growth soon after the new plants 

 had been formed. 



FUN ABI A HYGROMETRICA. 



The production of protonema by the leaves of Funaria 

 has already been mentioned in the references to the 

 researcbes of Schimper, Goebel, and Klebs. Goebel states 

 that he obtained protonema in great abundance from Funaria 

 leaves, but my experiments do not show the leaves to be 

 endowed with a very great power of regeneration. The 

 plants used were taken from the green-house and were 

 apparently in vigorous condition, Cultures of leaves were 

 made in the same way as for the Mnium leaves, and placed 

 in both light and dark. On an average of about one out 

 of every six leaves showed signs of protonema. In all the 

 cases noted in the first series of experiments, the growth 

 was entirely from the cells of the base and only from those 

 which had been directly attached to the stem. The cultures 

 which were grown in the dark showed growths of a decided 

 protonema nature, the cell walls colorless» the cross walls 

 generally a little inclined and cells filled with bodies irreg- 

 ulär in outline, and without any green color. The iilaments 



