1893.] Shell Heaps of Florida. 623 
after the eaters of shell-fish had passed away, is irrefutably 
shown by the three feet of ampullarie piled above. It must 
therefore be admitted that the aborigines of the shell heaps, 
in one instance at least, interred their dead in a sand mound 
in every respect similar to many burial mounds of the St. 
John's, and the writer considers it so unlikely that the strati- 
fied burial mound met with in the center of the great shell- 
heap at Orange Mound is an isolated case in respect to the 
method of sepulture of the eaters of shell-fish that at least the 
erection of some of the sand mounds of the river by the men 
who piled up the shell-heaps would seem to be strongly indi- 
cated. 
LONG BLUFF (ORANGE COUNTY). 
This bluff on the west bank of the St. John's lies directly 
on the water's edge. It is separated from a large shell-ham- 
mock by a quarter of a mile of marsh. This southerly por- 
tion probably is considered a part of the Bluff, or at all events 
has no distinctive name. Long Bluff, unlike most of the 
shell-deposits south of Lake Harney, is not composed entirely 
of shell and does not appear to owe its origin solely to the 
debris of the meals of the aborigines, but consists of sand 
through which is a sprinkling of shells. It is perfectly level 
and if cleared of the dense mass of palmettoes which shade 
it, would be termed a shell-field. 
A Cache. 
About midway in the northern portion of the Bluff an 
excavation, the point for which was selected at random, was 
made, 13 feet through the sandy loam, with here and there an 
occasional shell. Beneath was a hard conglomerate of sand 
and shell, mostly uniones, about four inches in thickness, — 
necessitating the use of the pick. Underneath the shell layer 
was a pure white sand, continuing to water level. Ata depth 
of eight inches in this sand, or 21 feet beneath the surface, by 
good fortune, was found what was probably a cache of one of 
the earlier Indians. In a space no larger than a man’s hat, 
