1893.] - Notes on Marine Laboratories of Europe. 625 
NOTES ON MARINE LABORATORIES OF EUROPE. 
BY BASHFORD DEAN. 
- In every country the Marine Laboratory has become a need 
of the student of biology. During his winter studies in the 
university it serves to provide him with well-preserved mater- 
ial, often with living forms which he may himself prepare 
according to his wants; in summer it gives him opportunity 
to see and collect his study types and utilize with profit and 
without physical discomfort abundant material relating to his 
studies. To the investigator, the Marine Laboratory has 
become, in the broadest sense, a university. He may there 
meet the representative students of far and wide, fellow work- 
ers, perhaps, in the very line of his own research, and must 
himself, unknowingly, teach and learn. He finds out gradu- 
ally of recent work, of technical methods which often happen 
most pertinent to his present needs. He may carry on his 
work quietly and thoroughly ; his works of reference are at 
hand; he has the most necessary comfort in working—the 
feeling of physical rest, untroubled by the rigid hours of 
demonstrations and lectures. 
The importance of the work of the Marine Laboratory has 
. been keenly appreciated in foreign countries, and it is note- 
worthy how large a number of the original researches is at 
present conducted at, or upon material from these distributing 
centers of biology. At the present day the entire coast line of 
Europe has become dotted with zoological stations great and 
small, grown out of the resources granted by societies, private 
individuals or governments—perhaps by the combined efforts 
of all. It was a matter of great interest to the present writer 
during recent visits, to find how thoroughly the Marine Labo- 
ratory system abroad had become a part of every grade of 
biological work. The student in a small university in the 
interior of France receives his first lessons from material sent 
regularly from Roscoff or Banyuls—he examines living sponges, 
hydroids, lucernarians, pennatulids, beroés, Loxosoma, Coma- 
