1893.] Contributions from Missouri Botanical Garden. 687 
Propagation by buds. This is the general way of propagation. 
Where a vigorous conversion of sugar is caused by .the Sac- 
charomyces, an equal rapidity of the budding is always 
observed. 
Propagation by spores. In all of the species mentioned here a 
spore-formation has been traced and investigated, and many 
species are based upon the conditions for this formation, which 
Hansen has found constant in all the forms described and 
studied by him.—Form of spores round or oval, in one species, 
* hat-formed ;” their number 1-10 or more. Appearance var- 
ious in the various species, also transparency. Spores invaria- 
ably endogenous. 
Appearance of the colonies. When cultivated in a 10 per cent. 
beer-wort-gelatine the colonies appear as round or oval, white 
macroscopic spots, the outline of which is even in some, uneven 
in other species.—Cultivation for spore-formation, see Hansen : 
Meddelelser fra Carlsberg-Laboratoriet. Vol. II, page 152; 
Holm and Poulsen, ibidem page 218. (Compte Rendus, etc., 
Carlsberg. II, page 97; Holm and Poulsen, ibid, page 141.) 
1886-88.—For the formation of a M ape see each single 
species. 
1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae I. Hansen. 
Hansen, 1. c. II, page 67; Plate I, fig. 1; PL III, fig. 1-3. - 
Sacch. cerevisiae Meyen ( ex parte) Wiegm. Arch. IV, page 
109; Reess Unters. page 81; Pl.1, fig. 1-17; Pl. II, fig. 1-6. 
Winter: Pilze. I, 2, page 69, and fig. Joergensen Mikroorg. 
1890, page 124. Ludwig, l. c. page 215. 
Torula cerevisiae Turpin: Mém. de l'Académie XVII, 1840, 
page 93; Plate I- , Comptes Rendus de l'Acad. Vol. VII, 
1838, page 369 (without plates.)  Liebigs Annalen XXIX, page 
93. Kuetzing: Journal fuer prakt. Chemie Vol. XI, page 387, 
1837, and plate.—Cryptococcus cerevisiae Kuetz.: Phycol. gener. 
page 148, 1843; Cryptococcus cerevisiae Kuetz, Species Alga- 
rum, page 146, 1849.—Hormiscium cerevisiae Bail in Flora 
1857, page 417. Pasteur: Ann. d. Phys. et de Chim. LXII, 
page 332-426. id. Etudes sur la biére, page 185-192, 1876. 
Garnier: Ferments et Fermentations Paris, 1888, page 75. 
