722 The American Naturalist. [August, 
bered when perforated fulgurs of Florida are under discus- 
sion. 
In the river shell heaps a very small percentage of perfora- 
ted shells have a notch in the outer lip, while absolutely none. 
has a perforation in the spire, if we consider the spire to be 
that portion of the shell surrounding the apex, bounded by 
the suture. Moreover, a considerable majority of the perfora- 
ted shells have but one hole, that being in the body whorl 
between the angle and the suture, from one to two inches 
to the right of the aperture. A certain percentage of fulgurs 
have the perforation below the shoulder, or angle, but fre- 
quently in such a position that if hafted, the ground beak of 
the shell would not be at right angles with the handle, and 
occasionally the perforation is so placed that a handle enter- 
ing the aperture could not reach it. In other cases, perfora- 
tions are disproportionately small and oval in shape, unfitted 
to receive a handle suitable for the rough usage of a war club. 
In the writer’s collection are two good sized fulgurs with per- 
forations .54 inch by .76 inch, and .86 inch by .56 inch. 
Many perforated fulgurs with ground beaks are of a size to 
set aside the hypothesis of their employment for any purpose 
where weight is an important factor. Of these the writer has 
one weighing but eight ounces, while another is but 2? inches 
in length. Occasionally fulgurs are seen with perforations in 
the body whorl above and below the shoulder, and it is prob- 
able that these are the ones referred to by Rau with a misap- 
prehension as to the location of the spire. Again, other ful- 
gurs are found with a single perforation between the angle 
and the suture, having two below the shoulder and equidis- 
tant from it. A fulgur perversum of this character, was taken 
by the writer from the historic mound at Mt. Royal, Putnam 
ounty. 
Some fulgurs with ground beaks are imperforate, while 
others with perforations show grinding or wear where not 
alone the beak is involved but a portion of the lip. Other 
shells give evidence of considerable wear on the margin of the 
perforation toward the upper and lower portion of the shell, 
showing that the implement was not securely hafted and that 
it was subjected to continuous use. Others are polished on 
