736 The American Naturalist. [August, 
tions of 31 genera and subgenera, to which are referred 94 species and 
varieties. These latter include 15 that are new toscience. Two new 
families are necessitated by the authors’ scheme of classification. 
Clitambonitide to contain Protorthis, Clitambonites, Hemipronites, 
and Scenidium ; and Lingulasmatide to contain Lingulaps and Lin- 
gulasma. 
In a short introduction the authors state that near the top of the 
Trenton shales new forms are introduced. Near the middle of the 
Galena the brachiopod horizon is quite distinct from any below it. 
The fauna of the Hudson River deposits agrees with that of the Cin- 
cinnati group of the Ohio Valley. Below the Trenton limestone, but 
one brachiopod (Lingula moesit) is known in the St. Peter sandstone ; 
none in the Shakopee formation, but several in the Lower Magnesian. 
In the St. Croix formation brachiopods are abundant but mainly of 
inarticulate species. (Extr. Vol. III. Rept. Minn. Geol. Surv. 1893) 
Geological News. General.—Mr. C. S. Du Riche Preller gives 
as a result of a lengthy investigation of the Tuscan Archipelago that 
(1) these islands are, geologically and petrographically, closely 
connected, not only with each other, but with the Maremina Hills on 
the one liand, and with Corsica and Sardinia, as well as with the Lig- 
urian Alps on the other; (2) that they probably constitute part of a 
former Tyrrhenian continent; and (3) with few exceptions they are 
representative of every geological formation from pre-Silurian down- 
ward and also include an interesting eruptive series. (Geol. Mag., 
June, 1893). 
Paleozoic.—Mr. N. H. Winchell and C. Schubert have published 
in quarto form, with profuse illustration, the Sponges, Graptolites and 
Corals from the Lower Silurian of Minnesota. 9 sponges are listed ; 4 
Hydrozoa including the doubtful one, Solenopora compacta Billings ; 
and 10 Actinozoa, of which 5 are new species. , The paper includes a 
discussion of the systematic position of “ Anomaloides” by Mr. E. O. 
Ulrich, with a proposal to change the name to Anomalospongia. 
(Vol. III. Final Rept. Minn. Geol. Surv. 1893). 
A new species of Discites (Discites hibernicus) is described and 
figured by Messrs A. H. Foord and G. C. Cricks in the Geol. Mag., 
June, 1893. The shell has not been distorted during fossilization, so 
that the characters of the fossil can be accurately determined. The 
specimen was found in the carboniferous limestone near Dublin. 
