x I 
758 The American Naturalist. [August, 
been subjected to this artificial deformation, was not reduced in vol- 
ume ; that some of them were found to be of extreme capacity of 1625 
centimetres, and that, consequently, there would be no reduction of 
brain-power; also he said this deformation being artificial, was 
individual and not transmitted by heredity. 
Dr. Hamy gave a description of the Cliff Dwellers of the Sierra 
Madre. 
Dr. Leon and Mr. Pinart occupied the attention of the Congress 
with descriptions of Dental Deformations among the Pre-Columbian 
Tarasques and the Indians on the Isthmus of Panama. Dr. Leon 
remarks that these Indians do not possess wisdom-teeth, and he 
attempts to account for it by a supposed want of virility evidenced by 
their being without hair on any part of their body, and their beard 
rudimentary. He found that they also were without canine teeth— 
being replaced by small molars. Their skulls were deformed artifi- 
cially. He cited an ancient work The Relacion de Mechuacan which 
stated that the Indians with the round head and of natural form, were 
not considered brave in battle. M, Pinart remarked that among the 
Indians of the Isthmus of Panama, the incisor teeth were filed to a 
point, giving them a saw-tooth appearance. Among the females, on 
their arrival at womanhood, the canine tooth on the upper left hand 
. side was broken out as a sign that they were fit for marriage. 
Dr. P. Ehrenreich described his various voyages among the Abori- 
gines of Brazil in 1884—5 and 1887-9, and presented before the Con- 
gress a collection of photographs he had taken. 
Dr. J. Vilanova described a fossil man found by M. Carles in the 
valley of the river de la Plata, associated with or near to a skeleton of 
a Megatherium in the Pampean formation, which corresponds 
in its characteristics with the European Lehm. Dr. Vilanova has 
studied the question of fossil man in times of high antiquity, as proba- 
bly no other Spaniard and but few others in all the world have ever 
done. 
Dr. J. Deniker, Librarian of Histoire Naturelle at Paris, was 
charged by his Government with a scientific mission to Cape Horn, 
which he visited in 1882-3. He gave to the Congress a resume of his 
investigations under the title of Fuegien Anthropology. He first 
mentions the difference in appearance between the inhabitants of 
Tierra del Fuego and the Archipelago of Magellan. He describes the 
type which is based upon his measurement of more than a hundred 
living Fuegians. He remarks their striking analogy with the prehis- 
torie skulls found by Lund at Lagoa Santa in Brazil, and by Roth at. 
