1893.] Archeology and Ethnology. 759 
Pontimilo, Argentine Republic. His conclusions are :-first—the exist- 
ence in South America of a race or a variety of the American Race, of 
small height, meso- or dolichocephalic, nose concave—often retroussé in 
the root—large below, with prominent eyebrows shaped like lozenges, 
large mouth, ete. Second :— This race occupied in times of high anti- 
quity a large part of South America, principally that south of the 
Amazon. Third:—At the present time, this same race in a more or 
less pure state reduced to a few tribes dispersed a long ways from each 
other, meaning the Fuegians at the extreme south of the Continent 
and the Botocudos much farther north on the headwaters of the 
Amazon. Fourth:—They are found isolated in small tribes dis- 
seminated throughout Brazil, Bolivia, Peru and Chili. Fifth :—That 
this race presents a striking contrast to the Patagonian and with several 
others of the ancient tribes. Sixth :—That it is probable that most of 
the indigenous population of South America are the issues arising 
from a mixture of the three races—the Fuegians and Botocudos, 
who are short in height and with dolichocephalic index,—the 
Patagonians who are tall and brachycephalic, and the Araucans 
Carabs who are small and brachycephalie, and possibly others 
unknown. 
The group of questions under the head of Archeology was about 
equally divided between the United States and Central America. 
Mr. S. B. Evans investigated the claims made on behalf of the North 
American Indian as builders of mounds and other works of antiquity 
in the United States and Mexico. His conclusion was that the 
Indians were not the builders of the mounds and earthworks. His 
paper is an arraignment of the Bureau of Ethnology for having 
announced this theory. The spirit of his paper may be gathered from 
the following quotation :— 
* The United States Bureau of Ethnology in its capacity as a Gov- 
ernmental department has seen fit to lay the weight of its commanding 
influence to a theory that all the works of antiquity in the United 
States are to be referred to the Indians. * * * Everything con- 
trary to the theory they maintain and foster, is characterized as 
romantie and visionary in comparison with the opinion announced 
with something like official authority, by the respectable gentlemen 
who have ereated a school which might be designated as the Fenimore 
Cooper School of American Archeology, for the reason that it claims 
for the Indian more than he would claim for himself. Disciples of 
this school have met with the experiences usual to those who attempt 
to adjust facts to pet opinions,and a notable instance is reported in the 
* 
