772 The American Naturalist. [September, 
normal structure but with evident one-sided development of it ; 
generalized-aberrant, which depart from the normal but drift 
toward several or many outside relationships; and specialized- 
aberrant, which go off on a distinct individual line of their 
own. The Cyperae:z and Graminacee are specialized-aberrant 
Monocotyls; and as they depart from the rest of the Monoco- 
tyls in structure, so, in the main, does their blooming season 
stand apart. Though extending from May, it culminates, 
particularly with the Graminacez, in the late summer and 
early fall, and stretches on into October. With reference to 
all other Monocotyls, note that by far the majority,—ty pical, 
normal, and  generalized-aberrant,—confine their blooming 
season to spring, or early summer, or mid-summer, though 
fewer in the last. But in late summer and autumn occur 
only a few isolated cases. Indeed, even in the Glumacee 
excepted in the last statements, the great prédominant 
genus of Cyperacee, the genus Carex, including much over 
half the order, belongs strietly to May. On the other hand, 
the Dicotyls, the higher Angiosperme, are spread straight 
through the seasons, from March to November, represented 
by forms of all characters, —typical, normal, and aberrant. 
Thus, excluding Graminacee and several genera of Cyperace:e, 
the Dicotyls may be said to constitute almost the entire flora 
of late summer and of autumn. 
The Spadiciflorz and Liliiflore form two fairly distinct sub- 
classes of Monocotyls, closely parallel and somewhat inter- 
related. Though a debatable question, the imperfect and 
reduced flowers so general in the Spadiciflore rather justify 
the conclusion that these are of the lower order of development. 
Moreover, throughout this subclass diclinism predominates, 
while the Liliiflore are generally both hermaphrodite and 
complete and with well-developed perianth. 
Normal and typical Spadiciflore are the Aracew. All these 
flower in May or June, except Symplocarpus. ‘That its odor- 
ous scapes push out of the swamp mud in April is presumably 
a provision to insure cross-fertilization of the inconspicuous, 
though strong-scented, spadices before they are hidden by the 
subsequent growth of the huge rank foliage. . Later, through 
