820 The American Naturalist. [September, 
the upper terraces of the rivers, which constitute the principal reposi- 
tory for the bones of the mammoth and other extinct mammals, which 
abounded here while Scandinavia and Finland were still covered by 
the glacier. 
7. “In accordance with the composition and genesis of her Quater- 
nary deposits, European Russia may be divided into a series of typical 
regions which are very characteristic, although resting upon differences 
which are scarcely recognizable, but which illustrate none the less the 
life of the immense Russian plain during the Quaternary period, and 
the formation of her superficial deposits. 
. “In the second portion of the glacial epoch, or of the pleistocene, 
the mammoth and other large mammals inhabited southern and east- 
ern Russia in great numbers. As the glacier retreated, these animals 
advanced toward the north and northwest; toward the close of the 
pleistocene they reached Finland fora short time, and then disappeared 
entirely throughout the whole extent of European Russia, but prob- 
ably later in the northeastern part and in Siberia. 
9. “Man lived contemporaneously with the mammoth during the 
second part of the glacial epoch along the limits of glaciation, pos- 
sessing an industry well-advanced, making use of fire among other 
things, but producing implements solely of naked flint. As the glacier 
retired, man advanced toward the north and northwest; he arrived 
in Finland and the Baltic region after the close of glaciation and after 
the disappearance ofthe mammoth ; but man himself possessed already 
the more advanced culture of the neolithic age, and besides implements 
of trimmed flint, he knew how to make implements in polished stone, 
pottery, etc. 
10. * European Russia shows no traces of man in the first part of 
the Pleistocene, or of any more ancient man." (Am. Journ. Sci., June, 
1893.) 
